Antibiotic & Antifungal QUIZ Flashcards
Which of the following general statements is/are true regarding antibiotics?
1. should be given at a sufficient dosage to maintain therapeutic levels until infection is resolved
2. all choices are correct
3. inappetence side-effect my lessen if drug given with food
4. allergic reactions to the drug may occur
- all choices are correct
Regarding the drug metronidazole…
1. mechanism of action is unknown
2. all choices are correct
3. treats both protozoa and anaerobic bacteria
4. toxicity may cause neurologic signs
- all choices are correct
Penicillin’s and cephalosporins:
1. bacteria that contain beta-lactamase are sensitive to this drug class
2. have a beta-lactam ring that interferes with bacterial wall synthesis
3. spectrum of activity is always against Gram + bacteria
4. can be safely used orally in any species
- have a beta-lactam ring that interferes with bacterial wall synthesis
Antibiotics have difficulty penetrating which tissue?
1. kidney
2. tissue with non-drained abscess
3. muscle
4. urinary bladder
- tissue with non-drained abscess
T/F: Aminoglycoside antibiotics (ie Amikacin, Gentomyacin) are uniquely toxic to vision and the nervous system.
False
T/F: Tetracycline antibiotics are broad spectrum bacteriostatic agents with activity against rickettia (such as Lyme Disease).
True
T/F: Fluoroquinolones (such as enrofloxacin/Baytril) are safe for growing animals, such as puppies.
False
T/F: Imidazole antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole) may cause liver or kidney damage.
True
T/F: Bacteriostatic agents kill bacteria.
False. That is bactericidal.
Bacteriostatic: stops bacteria from reproducing, not necessarily killing them.
T/F: If a MIC test reads Resistant, than that antibiotic is a good choice to fight that bacterial infection.
False
T/F: Doxycycline may cause esophageal damage in cats and therefore pills should be immediately followed by feeding or syringes of water orally.
True
T/F: Antibiotic residues in food products may cause allergic reactions in the animals or people that consume these foods.
True
T/F: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are always effective in killing both gram+ and gram- bacteria.
False
Name three possible mechanisms of actions for antibiotics to kill or inhibit bacteria.
- Disrupt cell walls
- Cell wall agents - Inhibiting DNA replication
- Inhibit protein synthesis
- Protein synthesis agents
List three side-effects to sulfonamide antibiotics (Sulfa drugs) that are not common to other antibiotics.
- “Dry eye”
- keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) - Platelet disorders
- Skin rashes, hives
Others:
- Sulfa crystals in urine
- Immune-mediated disorders (low platelet counts due to ITP)
- AIHA
- Liver failure
(These side effects are especially common in Dobermans and Cocker Spaniels)
Describe how inappropriate use of antibiotics may contribute to antibiotic resistance.
- Instructor A:
Bacteria and fungus have multiple ways to protect themselves from chemicals in their environment, such as proton pumps. When a population of germ is exposed to an antimicrobial that does not effectively kill the entire population, the surviving organisms that are resistant to the drug will multiply causing a resistant population in that animal or that environment (i.e. hospital or farm). Additionally, some bacteria have the ability to exchange resistance information to unrelated bacteria (plasmid exchange) which increases the problem beyond the original bacterial population. - My A: 4/5 points
This can create bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics and can multiply. Bacteria can change which may lessen, or destroy, the effectiveness of the drug being used to treat. Bacteria may even create a genetic code for resistance that may be passed along (even to other unrelated bacteria’s).
Can be due to natural causes or fault of the antibiotic.
T/F: Griseofulvin is an antifungal agent with teratogenic properties.
True
T/F: Chloramphenicol may cause bone marrow damage and so veterinary staff and owners should wear gloves to administer this drug.
True
T/F: If an animal is allergic to penicillin, then a cephalosporin is a good alternative.
False
The DVM has prescribed 225mg of cephalexin IV to be administered q. 8 hours. If the dog weighs 10kg and the cephalexin is 100mg/ml, how many ml of drug will you give at the next dose?
a. 2.25 ml
b. 22.5 ml
c. 0.675 ml
d. 6.75 ml
a. 2.25 ml
The DVM has prescribed a cat t receive 50mg/kg of Griseofulvin PO SID for 30 days. If the cat weighs 11#, how many capsules will you send home? The capsules available are 125mg or 250mg.
a. 15 capsules (125 mg size)
b. 30 capsules (250mg size)
c. 30 capsules (125 mg size)
d. 60 capsules (250 mg size)
b. 30 capsules (250mg size)
T/F: Imidazole antifungals (ketoconazole, fluconazole) work by causing the fungal cell membrane to leak.
True
