Anti-Inflammatory Drugs QUIZ Flashcards
When utilizing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the goal is to block which chemical pathway(s) in the body?
1. Both COX-1 and COX-2
2. COX-1 (cyclooxygenase 1) pathway
3. COX-2 pathway
4. Phospholipase A2
- COX-2 pathway
- Both COX-1 and COX-2 produce the prostaglandins that contribute to pain, fever, and inflammation. But since COX-1’s primary role is to protect the stomach and intestines and contribute to blood clotting, using drugs that target COX-2 (and not protective COX-1 prostaglandins) is ideal. COX-2 inhibiting NSAIDs have less side-effects such as gi ulcers or decreased platelet function.
Glucocorticoids are indicated to treat airway thickening due to
1. heart disease
2. kidney disease
3. infectious disease
4. immune-mediated disease
- immune-mediated disease
Beneficial effects of inflammation include:
1. all choices are correct
2. increases migration of leukocytes to an area
3. increases blood supply to an injured area
4. increases activity of phagocytes
- all choices are correct
Where in the Inflammation Cascade do glucocorticoids take action?
Phospholipase inhibition
T/F: It is okay to use glucocorticoids and NSAIDs at the same time if the animal has normal liver function.
False.
Glucocorticoids + NSAIDs = GI ulcers!
T/F: NSAIDs work by decreasing prostaglandin synthesis.
True
T/F: Toxic effects of NSAIDs on the kidneys are potentiated (made worse) by hypotension.
True
T/F: Salicylates are often utilized for their blocking effects on thromboxanes, blocking platelet activation.
True
T/F: Flunixin meglumine (Banamine) is excellent for orthopedic inflammation and has a wide margin of safety for use in dogs.
False
T/F: All glucocorticoids are metabolized and cleared from the body within three days.
False
T/F: DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) can be absorbed through the skin and exert anti-inflammatory effects.
True
List two benefits and two drawbacks to utilizing therapeutic glucocorticoids.
Benefits
1. Reduce inflammation
2. Reduce tissue damage
Drawbacks
1. Delay healing
2. Can cause GI ulcers
Describe the pathophysiology of NSAID use in dogs and cats that may cause gastric ulcers. (please be specific) (5)
- Reduced mucosal blood flow
- Reduced bicarbonate and mucous secretion that protect surface of gi epithelium
- Impaired platelet function
- Increased “back diffusion” of stomach acid into the cells of the mucosa
- Impaired wound healing
TLDR:
- NSAIDs inhibit COX-1 & reduce protective prostaglandins in the stomach. This leads to decreased mucosal protection, increased acid secretion, and reduced blood flow, making the stomach lining more vulnerable. NSAIDs may also directly irritate the stomach lining.
A 50-lb dog will be treated with carpofen for osteoarthritis at 4.4 mg/kg po once daily. Rimadyl chewable tablets (100mg) will be used. How many tablets will be given at each dose?
a. two
b. 1/2
c. one
d. five
c. one
An 7 lb cat will be treated for acute pain with robenacoxib at a 1mg/kg po sid for 7 days. Onsior tablets (6mg/tablet) will be used. How many tablets will you dispense?
a. seven
b. eight
c. twenty-two
d. four
d. four
A 500kg horse will be treated for abdominal pain with flunixin meglamine at 1.1mg/kg IV. If stock drug is 50mg/ml, how much drug will you draw up?
a. 23 ml
b. 11 ml
c. 5 ml
d. 1ml
b. 11 ml
If Meloxicam suspension is available as a 0.15% solution, how many mg of Meloxicam per ml?
a. 150 mg /ml
b. 15 mg/ml
c. 1.5 mg/ml
d. it can not be determined from this information
c. 1.5 mg/ml
By definition % = x gm/100 ml
So, in this problem:
0.15 % = 0.15 gm/100 ml of drugs
= 150 mg/100 ml
= 1.5 mg /ml
