Anti-Inflammatory p2

Question 1

What are the three major steroid groups?
Which are the two main groups?

Answer 1

1. Catabolic (sugar)
   - Glucocorticoids
   - MAIN GROUP
2. Anabolic (sex)
   - Testosterone derivatives
3. Mineralocorticoids (salt)
   - MAIN GROUP

Question 2

Where are corticosteroids hormones produced?

Answer 2

Produced by the adrenal cortex

Question 3

Glucocorticoids have __-____ effects due to their inhibition of ___.
They raise the concentration of ___ glycogen and increase blood ___ levels.
It will affect ___, ____, & ___ metabolism.
They are regulated by a ___ feedback loop.

Answer 3

1. Anti-inflammatory
2. Phospholipase
3. Liver
4. Glucose
5. Carbohydrate, Protein, & Fat metabolism
6. Negative

Question 4

Glucocorticoids short acting
1. Duration
2. Examples (2)

Answer 4

1. Duration of action is <12hrs
2. Cortisone & hydrocortisone

Question 5

Glucocorticoids intermediate-acting
1. Duration
2. Examples (6)

Answer 5

1. Duration of action is 12-36hrs
2. Examples
   - Prednisone
   - Prednisolone sodium succinate
   - Methylprednisolone
   - Methylprednisolone Acetate
   - Triamcinolone

Question 6

Glucocorticoids long acting
1. Duration
2. Examples (3)

Answer 6

1. Duration of action >36hrs
2. Examples
   - Dexamethasone
   - Betamethasone
   - Fluocinolone

Question 7

Glucocorticoid benefits (4)

Answer 7

1. Reduce inflammation & pain
2. Relieve pruritus
3. Reduce scarring by delaying wound healing
4. Reduce tissue damage

Question 8

Glucocorticoid drawbacks (6)

Answer 8

1. Delay wound healing
2. Increase risk of infection
3. May cause GI infection
4. May cause GI ulceration & bleeding
5. Increase the risk of corneal ulceration
   - (if corneal damage exists)
6. May incuse abortion in some species

Question 9

Key points about glucocorticoid treatment (6)

Answer 9

1. Glucocorticoids do NOT cure disease.
2. They may help disseminate infectious microorganisms.
3. Use caution when giving high dosages of glucocorticoids to pregnant animals.
4. Use alternate-day dosing at the lowest possible doses to prevent iatrogenic Cushing’s disease.
5. Taper animals off glucocorticoids to prevent iatrogenic Addisons disease.
6. Do not use glucocorticoids in animals that have corneal ulcers.