How Drugs Work! QUIZ Flashcards
Pharmocokinetics is the
1. % of drug administered that enters the circulation
2. movement of drugs into, within and out of the body
3. study of how drugs interact with the body to produce effect
4. drug concentration that achieves treatment effect
- movement of drugs into, within and out of the body
Bioavailability of drugs varies with
1. drug pH
2. all answers are correct
3. gi motility
4. molecule size of drug
- all answers are correct
What is the first-pass effect by the liver?
1. the liver shunts the drug to the kidneys for excretion
2. drugs given orally go to the liver for metabolism prior to entering general circulation
3. the liver changes the drug into an active compound
4. all drugs go to the liver first for metabolism
- drugs given orally go to the liver for metabolism prior to entering general circulation
T/F: Sub-therapeutic drug dosing is a common, safe and effective practice.
False
T/F: Drugs with a wide therapeutic range are generally safe and easy to use/dose.
True
T/F: Some drug extravasations (i.e. chemotherapy agents) may cause extensive tissue damage.
True
T/F: A parenteral drug is given PO (by mouth).
False. Given as an injection of some form.
T/F: An antagonist is a drug that binds to a receptor and causes action.
False. That’s an agonist.
Antagonist: Drug that INHIBITS or blocks the response of a cell when the drug is bound to the receptors (antidote).
T/F: Intra-arterial (IA) injections should be avoided because the drug will go to the local tissue and not the general circulation.
True
T/F: A loading dose is necessary whenever medication is initiated.
False
Steady State is when the amount of drug entering the plasma…
1. exceeds the amount of drug exiting the plasma
2. is equal to the amount of drug exiting the plasma
3. has reached therapeutic levels
4. is when the drug has calmed the patient
- is equal to the amount of drug exiting the plasma
Describe the Perfusion Effect on pharmacokinetics.
- Instructor A:
Drug distribution to the interstitial fluid is determined primarily by perfusion. For poorly perfused tissues (eg, muscle, fat or in the case of Shock), distribution is very slow, especially if the tissue has a high affinity for the drug. - My A:
When drugs are given SQ or IM the body must have good perfusion to have the drug enter the general circulation. So, if a patient is in shock, it might not be wise to give a medication SQ since their perfusion is likely decreased within the body tissues.
Name one drug factor and one patient factor that may affect drug absorption.
Drug factor:
Patient factor:
Drug: solubility
Patient: age
Describe the active transport process across the cell membrane.
Active transport is the process of transferring substances into, out of, and between cells, using energy.
If the half-life (t1/2) of a drug is 2 hours, how long until all of the drug has been eliminated from the body? (only one dose of the drug is given)
a. not possible to determine from this information
b. 14 hours
c. 4 hours
d. 10 hours
d. 10 hours
- It takes 5x the half-life to remove a drug completely from body of healthy animal
