Anti-Inflammatory p1 Flashcards
Define each:
1. Arachidonic acid pathway
2. Autoimmune reactions
3. Catabolic effects
4. Cyclooxygenases
5. Glucocorticoids
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Steroids;
Define each:
1. Leukotrienes
2. Lipoxygenase
3. Prostaglandins
4. Renal papillary necrosis
1.
2.
3. Group of related compounds
4.
Define each:
1. Thromboxane’s
2. Anabolic
3. Corticosteroid
4. Eicosanoids
Signs of clinical inflammation (5)
- Pain
- Swelling
- Heat
- Loss of function
- Redness
Describe the process/cascade of inflammation
Hint: Think back to anatomy & physiology!
Why is inflammation good/important? (4)
- Increases blood supply to an injured area.
- Increases migration of leukocytes to the area.
- Increases activity of phagocytes.
- Pain causes animal to protect area of injury.
Disadvantages of inflammation (2)
- Pain affects quality of life & causes activation of sympathetic nervous system.
- May cause progression of a disease, loss of function.
What are the two categories of anti-inflammatory drugs?
- Steroids (glucocorticoids)
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Prostaglandins functions (4)
- Stimulate contraction of uterine smooth muscle.
- “Pump” sperm up
- Potentiate pain in inflammation
- Chemotaxis for leukocytes
Fill in the blank for the Arachidonic Acid Pathway
-Prostaglandins -Arachidonic acid
-Lipoxygenase -Cyclooxygenase
-Thromboxane’s -Leukotrienes
NSAIDs block the action of ____
Cyclooxygenase
Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs block the action of ___. Therefore, superior for treatment of ___ reactions.
- Phospholipase
- Allergic
Cytokines (3)
- Prostaglandins
- Leukotrienes
- Thromboxane
What is the function of each?
1. Prostaglandins (2)
2. Leukotrienes (1)
3. Thromboxane (1)
- Prostaglandins
- COX-1
- COX-2 - Leukotrienes
- Regulate allergies & inflammation
- Indicated by letters A, B, C, D, & E - Thromboxane
- Platelet aggregation & vasoconstrictor
COX-1 prostaglandins are ___ to homeostasis of: (4)
Protective!
1. Kidneys
2. Gastric mucosa
3. Platelet function
4. Macrophage function
COX-2 prostaglandins are ___ mediators of: (3)
Inflammatory!
1. Swelling
2. Pain
3. Chemotaxis
COX-1 & COX-2 non-specific inhibitors (5)
- Aspirin
- Tepoxalin (Zubrin)
- Phenylbutazone
- Flunixin (Banamine)
- Ok in LAM but avoid in SAM - Bismuth subsalicylate
- AVOID in felines! Will destroy kidneys!!
- Pepto-bismal & Kaopectate
COX-2 inhibitors (5)
- Carprofen (Rimadyl)
- Etodolac (Etogesic)
- Deracoxib (Deramaxx)
- Meloxicam (Metacam)
- Firocoxib (Previcox)
T/F: Nonspecific NSAIDs are safer to give than COX-2 inhibiting drugs
False! COX-2 inhibitors are safer than nonspecific drugs.
Nonspecific drugs are not as easily broken down by carnivore’s livers!
NSAID side effects & contraindications (3)
FYI: Know!! QUIZ & final!
- GI ulcers
- Esp with corticosteroid use - Renal damage
- Esp with hypotension
- Esp with renal insufficiency
- Cats at higher risk!! - Liver damage
- Special risk for Rimadyl in Labs!
When monitoring NSAID use, there should be blood ___ before initiation, __ weeks after starting, & then ___.
NSAIDs should be tapered to ___ effective dose. ___ or ___ is much more effective than as needed (PRN).
If decreased ___, ___, or ___ occur, these are reasons to stop drugs immediately & reevaluate pet.
- Chemistries
- 2 weeks
- Periodically; 3-6 months
- Lowest
- Daily or EOD
- Decreased appetite, Vomiting, or Melena
- Melena: Digested blood in stool (black, tarry appearance)
T/F: A patient on both NSAIDs and steroids is highly likely to develop GI ulcers
True
Types of NSAIDs (6)
- Salicylates
- Pyrazolone derivatives
- Propionic acid derivatives
- Flunixin meglumine (banamine)
- Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
- COX-2 inhibitors
Salicylates
1. Inhibits what?
2. Side effects (1)
3. Use in… (1)
4. Aspirin is an… (4)
- Prostaglandin synthesis
- Gastrointestinal problems
- Use in dogs should be buffered or enteric-coated.
- Aspirin is an
- Analgesic
- Antipyretic
- Anti-inflammatory
- Blocks thromboxane
