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SBB > Immunoglobulins > Flashcards

Immunoglobulins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Ig’s?

A

Opsonization - sends eat me signal to phagocytes

Neutralization of virus so virus can’t attach to host cells

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2
Q

What is the structure of Ig’s?

A

Y shaped polypeptide chain connected by disulfide bonds

2 heavy and 2 light chains - Each has constant and variable regions

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3
Q

What is the Fab?

A

Fragment binding area
Binds antigen epitope
Consist of variable heavy and light chains

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4
Q

What determines the antibody class?

A

Heavy chain determines IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, or IgE

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5
Q

What is the Fc?

A

Fragment crystalizable
Consist of Constant Heavy chains
Ch2 binds complement
Ch3 binds to macrophage

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6
Q

What is the Hinge area?

A

Allows antibody to change from Y to T shape

Located between Ch1 and Ch2 regions

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7
Q

What is the Ig Supergene family?

A

Proteins that have a similar structure to Ig’s and come from the same ancestral gene
Include surface ag receptors, co-receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and cytokine receptors

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8
Q

What blood groups do enzymes destroy?

A

Duffy’s MN’S were destroyed

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9
Q

What is the effect of papain treatment?

A

2 Fab + 1 Fc

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10
Q

What is the effect of pepsin treatment?

A

1 Fab(2) + 1 Fc

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11
Q

What is electrophoresis?

A

Ig will migrate in an electical field
Albumin moves the fastest toward + pole
Gamma globulns migrate the slowest

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12
Q

Causes of polyclonal gammopahy

A

Chronic infection
Immune mediated disease
Liver disease

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13
Q

Causes of monoclonal gammopathy

A 
Narrow spike of alpha, beta, or gamma globullin
Multiple myeloma
Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Lymphoma 
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of IgG antibodies?

A 
y heavy chain
half life = 23 days
Has Gm and Km allotype
Activates complement
Cross placenta
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of IgM antibodies

A 
u heavy chain
half life = 5 days
Km allotype
activates C'
Found on surface of B lymphs
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16
Q

What are the characteristics of IgA?

A 
a heavy chain
found in secretions
can activate alternative C'
monomeric or polymeric
30% of Anti-A and -B is IgA
17
Q

What are the characteristics of IgD?

A

Delta heavy chain

found on surface of B cells

18
Q

What are the characteristics of IgE?

A

Bound to basophils or mast cells
Binding of antigen triggers release of histamine
Involved in hypersenstivity - anaphylaxis and parasitic infections

19
Q

Which IgG subclasses can activate complement?

A

IgG1 and IgG3

IgG2 can weakly or use alternative pathway

20
Q

Which IgG subclasses can bind to Fc receptors on phagocytes?

A

IgG1 and IgG3

21
Q

Which IgG subclasses can bind to staphylococcal Protein A

A

IgG1 and IgG2

+ some allotypes of IgG3

22
Q

What subclass are Rh antibodies more commonly?

A

IgG1 and IgG3

23
Q

What subclass are Kell and Duff antibodies?

A

IgG1

24
Q

What subclass are Kidd antibodies?

A

IgG3

High complement function

25
Q

Which IgG subclass causes severe HDFN?

A

IgG1

26
Q

What IgG subclass is anti-CD47

A

IgG4 - some monoclonal antibodies don’t detect

27
Q

Which IgG subclass has Gm?

A

IgG1, IgG2, + IgG3

28
Q

How does Tango Anti-IgG work?

A

Well are coated with Staph Protein A which bind to Fc portions of IgG. Plasma is added, incubated, and washed. Anti-IgG is added and crosslink antibody bound to Staph A protein on wells. Positive = smooth layer cells. Negative = Cell button

29
Q

Which IgG subclasses are considered clinically insignifcant?

A

IgG2 and IgG4 can’t bind to Fc receptors on Phagocytes so IgG coated cells will not be phagocytized

30
Q

What are the three genes required for Ig production

A

Heavy gene located on Chromosome 14
Lambda gene located on Chromosome 22
Kappa gene located on Chromosome 2

31
Q

What is gene rearrangement?

A 
The Variable (V), Diversity (D), and Joining (J) segments combine in different ways to form new sequence that recognize different epitopes
Each B cell can recognize only one antigen
32
Q

What is Isotype switching?

A

Naive B cells only have IgM and IgD on their surface

Once activated B cell can begin to produce IgG or IgA

33
Q

How is the Isotype determined?

A

Isotype = Class

Determined by the constant Heavy region

34
Q

What is allotype?

A

Allotype may differ from person to person

Determined by Gm and Km

35
Q

What is idiotype

A

Depends on the variable/hypervariable region of the antibody molecule
Located on Fab portion of antibody and provides ability to recognize different epitopes
Determined by gene rearragement
All antibodies that recognize the same epitope have the same idiotype regardless of class

36
Q

What is Gm?

A

Genetic marker on heavy chain of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3

Gm is like an antigen on the the antibody and can make anti-Gm.

37
Q

What is Km?

A

markers on Kappa light chain

38
Q

What is Am?

A

Markers on IgA antibodies

SBB (37 decks)

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