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Hema-Immuno > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

0
Q

Distinguishes between closely related pathogens by the use of antigens; involves memory response

A

Adaptive Immunity

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1
Q

Early line of defense, reacting to microbes and products of injured cells

A

Innate Immunity

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2
Q

Adaptive immune response which relies on antibodies produced by B cells in serum

A

Humoral Immunity

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3
Q

Adaptive immunity involving T cells and activation of macrophages against intracellular microbes

A

Cellular Immunity

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4
Q

Feature of adaptive immune response where lymphocytes deal with various antigenic epitopes

A

Specificity

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5
Q

Feature of adaptive immune response where there is variability in the structure of antigen binding cells

A

Diversity

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6
Q

Increase in number of cells having the same antigen receptors

A

Clonal Expansion

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7
Q

Allows immune system to recover from one immune response to prepare for future attack

A

Contraction/Homeostasis

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8
Q

Immune Tolerance

A

Nonreactivity to self

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9
Q

Principal cellular components of the adaptive immune system

A

Lymphocytes, APC, effector cells

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10
Q

Only cellular components of the adaptive immune system capable of producing antibodies

A

B cells

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11
Q

Glycoproteins consisting of 2 heavy chains, 2 light chains connected via disulfide bonds

A

B cell receptors/ surface antibodies

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12
Q

Mediators of cell-specific immunity; recognize antigens only when bound to MHCs

A

T cells

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13
Q

Recognize peptides derived from foreign proteins bound to host proteins

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

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14
Q

Cells which secrete cytokines that stimulate proliferation and differentiation of T cell line

A

Helper T Cells

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15
Q

Types of antigen presenting cells

A

Dendritic Cells
B cells
Macrophages

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16
Q

Mediate final effect of immune response – eliminate microbes

A

Effector Cells

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17
Q

Membrane-bound antigens recognized by B lymphocytes

A

IgM, IgD

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18
Q

Components of innate immune response

A

Physical and chemical barriers
Phagocytic cells
Blood proteins
Regulatory proteins (eg. Cytokines)

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19
Q

Specialization vs Specificity

A

Specialization: formation of certain cells for certain types of antigens

Specificity: ability to recognize a specific microbe or antigen

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20
Q

Main goal of any vaccine

A

Total permanent elimination of a particular infection

21
Q

Method first used to prevent smallpox

A

Variolation

22
Q

Protection of susceptible individuals from communicable diseases by administration of living modified agents, suspension of killed organisms, or inactivated toxins

A

Immunization

23
Q

Features of effective vaccines

A 
Safe
Protective
Gives sustained protection
Induces neutralizing antibody
Induced protective t-cells
24
Q

Immunity resulting from direct exposure to a disease organism; immune system is pushed to produce antibodies for that disease

A

Active immunity

25
Q

Immunity resulting from when a person is given antibodies to a disease, short-lasting

A

Passive immunity

26
Q

Examples of passive immunity

A

Pre-exposure prophylaxis

Antibody therapy

27
Q

T/F: memory is inferred in both active and passive immunity.

A

False - only active immunity involves memory t-cells

28
Q

Vaccine which consists of a killed preparation of a pathogen; determinants of pathogenicity still remain intact

A

Killed/Inactivated vaccine

29
Q

Vaccines which induce limited viral replication of adequate amplitude for a protective immune response; risky for immunocompromised patients

A

Live attenuated vaccines

30
Q

Examples of microorganisms whose toxins are used as vaccines

A

Clostridium tetani
Diphtheria
Vibrio cholera

31
Q

Substances which enhance the immunogenicity of antigens/vaccines; reduces the amount of active component required in a vaccine

32
Q

Antigen immersed in mineral oil, stimulates cell-mediated immunity

A

Freund’s adjuvant

33
Q

Adjuvant which binds polyvalently to toxoid, stimulates antibody responses

A

Inorganic salts

34
Q

Toxin which acts as an adjuvant to tetanus and diptheria toxins

35
Q

T/F: a key characteristic of innate immunity is memory

A

False - adaptive immunity

36
Q

Mechanism of pathogenicity for extracellular bacteria

A

Induces inflammation

37
Q

Endotoxins vs Exotoxins

A

Endotoxins: components of bacterial cell walls
Exotoxin: actively secreted by pathogen

38
Q

Initiates the late steps of complement activation, stimulating c5a fir inflammation and polymerase c9 for membrane attack complex formation

39
Q

Receptor which detects opsonized pathogens

A

Fc receptor

40
Q

Function of IFN-gamma

A

Macrophage activation

41
Q

Molecules released by helper T cells to induce inflammation

A

IL-17, TNF

42
Q

Interleukins responsible for activating NK cells

A

IL12, IL15

43
Q

Used for differentiation of T effector cells from helper T cells

44
Q

Function to inhibit viral replication in both infected and uninfected cells

A

Type 1 interferons

45
Q

Cells which recognized infected cells in which the virus has shut off class 1 MHC expression

46
Q

Activated by TH1 cell-derived cytokines

A

Macrophages

47
Q

Activated by TH2-derived cytokines

A

IgE, eosinophils

48
Q

Causative agent of histoplasmosis

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

49
Q

Causative agent of malaria

A

Plasmodium sp.

Hema-Immuno (12 decks)

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