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Hema-Immuno > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

0
Q

Myeloid cells capable of transporting O2

A

Erythrocytes

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1
Q

Functions of blood

A

Regulation of pH, osmosis
Maintenance of body temperature
Protection against foreign substances
Clot formation

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2
Q

4 types of myeloid cells

A

Erythrocytes
Granulocytes
Monocytes
Megakaryocytes

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3
Q

Precursor of lynphocytes

A

Lymphoid stem cells

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4
Q

Production and development of formed elements

A

Hematopoiesis

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5
Q

Pleuripotent vs progenitor cells

A

Pleuripotent - able to differentiate into any type of cell

Progenitor - decided on fate; precursor to a differentiated cell of the same tissue type

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6
Q

Types of membranous bones

A

Ribs, sternum, vertebrae

– active in adult hematopoiesis

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7
Q

Three phases of hematopoiesis

A

Mesoblastic, Hepatic, Medullary

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8
Q

Stage of hematopoiesis wherein undifferentiated mesenchymal cells differentiate to clustered hemangioblasts, which further differentiate into endothelial and primitive blood cells

A

Mesoblastic (yolk sac)

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9
Q

Hematopoeitic phase wherein liver bone marrow is the primary site of blood production

A

Medullary phase

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10
Q

Alternative sites for producing blood cells in the adult

A

Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen

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11
Q

Filters blood, gathers, transfers, and eliminates waste substances via bile acids

A

Liver

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12
Q

Functions to remove damaged RBCs, synthesize immunoglobulin M, and store 30% of platelets

A

Spleen

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13
Q

Disease related to enlargement of the spleen

A

Thalassemia

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14
Q

Origin of the thymus

A

Yolk sac, liver

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15
Q

Site where B and T lymphocytes go to finish maturation

A

Lymph nodes

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16
Q

Function of bone marrow stromal cells

A

Regulate cytokine activity (nonstromal cells synthesize cytokines)

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17
Q

Molecule class which includes interleukins, growth factors, interferons

A

Cytokines

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18
Q

Critical cytokines in hematopoiesis

A

IL-3, stem cell factors, erythropoietin

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19
Q

Molecule that stimulates development of red blood cells

A

Erythropoietin

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20
Q

Average life span of RBC

A

120 days

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21
Q

In succeeding generations of erythropoiesis, ____ increases whereas the ________ is diminished

A

Hemoglobin, basophilic nucleus

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22
Q

T/F: increasing hematocrit will signal the liver and kidneys to stop producing erythropoietin.

A

T – feedback inhibition of erythropoiesis by RBC concentration

23
Q

Hematopoietic cytokine able to regulate cell functions including differentiation of macrophages and granulocytes, dendritic cell development, homeostasis

A

GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor)

24
Q

Promotes the early proliferation of primitive cells

A

SCF (stem cell factor)

25
Q

Molecules important for RBC synthesis (cofactors)

A

Iron, vitamin b12, folic acid

26
Q

Formation and development of white blood cells

A

Leukopoiesis

27
Q

Ability of white blood cells to transport themselves via amoeboid motion in between nonvascular tissues

A

Diapedesis

28
Q

How do leukocytes know where to travel?

A

Chemotaxis

29
Q

Granulocyte with multilobed nucleus; phagocytoses bacteria and fungi

A

Neutrophils

30
Q

Granulocyte with bi-lobed nucleus; active during helminthic infections and inflammation

A

Eosinophils

31
Q

Granular leukocyte with lobed nucleus; causes vasodilation by the release of histamines

A

Basophils

32
Q

General term for basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes / granulocytes

33
Q

Precursors of mature granulocytes

A

Myeloid precursors

34
Q

Most immature form of granulocytes with an undifferentiated, round-ovoid nucleus devoid of granules

A

Myeloblast

35
Q

Granules which develop in promyelocytes

A

Azurophilic granules

36
Q

White blood cell with prominent secondary granules, kidney shaped nucleus

A

Metamyelocyte

37
Q

Second most common leukocyte in adults

A

Lymphocytes (these however, are the most abundant in children. Neutrophils are the most abundant in adults)

38
Q

Precursor cell which gives rise to macrophages, provides defense against viruses and intracellular bacteria in chronic infections

A

Monocyte

39
Q

Site of maturation for B lymphocytes

A

Periphery lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen)

40
Q

Common lymphoid progenitor

A

Bone marrow

41
Q

CD4 vs CD8 t-cells

A

CD4: helper T cells
CD8: cytotoxic T cells

42
Q

Megakaryopoiesis regulator

A

Thrombopoietin

43
Q

Three stages of megakaryopoiesis

A

Basophilic, granular, mature

44
Q

T/F: basophilic megakaryocytes display polyploidy.

A

False. Granular megakaryocytes are more polyploid due to repetitive DNA replication

45
Q

Disease characterised by reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

A

Anemia

46
Q

Interpret leukocyte shift to the left vs leukocyte shift to the right

A

Shift to the left: presence of more immature leukocyte forms (probably due to infection or leukemia)

Shift to the right: presence of more mature leukocytes (may be due to megaloblastic anemia)

47
Q

Presence of abnormally increased nuclear lobulation, seen in megaloblastic anemia

A

Hypersegmentation

48
Q

Excessive leukocytic response; overproduction of leukocytes

A

Leukomoid reaction

49
Q

Other term for progenitor cells

A

Colony-forming units

50
Q

Theory in which each of the blood cell lineages is derived from its own unique stem cell

A

Polyphyletic theory

51
Q

All blood cells arise from a single pleuripotent stem cell

A

Monophyletic or unitarian theory

52
Q

Significance of B12 in erythropoiesis

A

Synthesis of thymidine triphosphate

53
Q

(Rough/smooth) surfaces tend to enhance phagocytosis

A

Rough

54
Q

Phenomenon wherein antibodies adhere to foreign membranes, tagging them for macrophage selection and phagocytosis

A

Opsonization

Hema-Immuno (12 decks)

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