Immunisation Flashcards
What are examples of non-specific immune defenses?
unbroken skin, mucous membrane of gut, lung, acid & enzymes of gut, non-specific metabolism / inactivation
What does innate immunity involve?
complement, WBC & cytokines
Briefly describe the immune response
Primary immune response develops in the weeks following first exposure to an antigen- mainly IgM, secondary immune response is faster and more powerful – mainly IgG
What is ‘passive’ immunity?
Passive immunity is provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system
e. g. A newborn baby acquires passive immunity from its mother through the placenta, also breastfeeding
e. g. Immunoglobulin (IG), which contains antibodies pooled together from the blood of many donors, can be injected into a person who needs antibodies.
How long can ‘maternal antibodies’ protect the baby for after birth?
For up to a year against illnesses to which the mother is immune.
What is the only Ig that can cross the placenta?
IgG
What is active immunity?
Active immunity is usually long-lasting immunity produced by the immune system in response to antigens.
Where are the antigens in active immunity from?
These antigens can be from natural infection or from vaccination
What is immunological memory?
The persistence of protection for many years after natural infection or vaccination.
What is an ‘antigen’?
An antigen is defined as “anything that can be bound by an antibody“
Antibodies interact specifically with relatively small parts of molecules. What are these parts called?
These are known as antigenic determinants or epitopes.
What is an antigenic determinant/epitope?
The site of an antigen molecule that interacts with the specific antigen-binding site in the variable region of an antibody molecule known as a paratope.
Antibodies are produced to one specific antigen.
What are the different types f antibody?
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE
Which antibody is prevalent in the primary immune response that develops in the weeks following first exposure to an antigen?
IgM
Which antibody is prevalent in the secondary immune response?
IgG