Crossword 7 - Haematology Flashcards
What type of chronic leukaemia is defined by the t(9;22) translocation and where tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy can help the patient achieve more than 95% long term survival?
Myeloid
In the syndrome characterised by systemic activation of coagulation, widespread fibrin clot formation and consumption of platelets and coagulation factors, the clots can cause organ failure and what is the other main significant clinical consequence of this process?
Bleeding
In the most common heritable bleeding disorder (approx. 1% population in USA), there is a compound defect in platelet function and coagulation although it is the platelet defect that causes the clinical findings in most cases. As well as spontaneous bleeding from mucous membranes and excessive bleeding from wounds, in women what other symptom might this commonly present with?
Menorrhagia
What familial and acquired disorders of haemostasis predispose an individual to thrombosis, potentially leading to spontaneous, recurrent VTE which can occur at an early age?
Thrombophilia
What is the name of the incurable malignant disorder of clonal plasma cells whose diagnostic criteria include the so-called CRAB features of hypercalcaemia, renal insufficiency, anaemia and osteolytic bone lesions?
Myeloma
Lymphoid neoplasms can form masses in nodes and other tissues, or be predominantly in the blood and marrow. The WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms incorporates both of these groups and has a focus mostly on the originating cell type of the tumour (eg peripheral B cell neoplasms). However there is another common broad way of dividing up the mass forming malignant tumours of lymphocytes into 2 groups that overlaps with the WHO classification. What is the surname of the British pathologist from the 19th century associated with these two main types of mass forming lymphoid tumours?
Hodgkin
The causes of iron deficiency anaemia can be divided into 3 main categories. Two of them are blood loss (eg GI tract bleeding, menstrual loss) and increased demand (eg pregnancy, growth). What is the third main group that is not uncommon in high income countries but is even more prevalent in low income countries? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ intake.
Reduced
When “group and save” is carried out on a blood sample, it includes 3 main processes including grouping, screening, and then saving the plasma and red cells separately. The “grouping” part is to determine the ABO and Rh(D) groups. The “screening” part tests a patient’s plasma against a panel of red blood cells containing all the other clinically significant blood groups. Subtypes of what group of glycoproteins is this “screening” part identifying in the plasma?
Antibodies
Infants begin to make antibodies at around 2 to 3 months of age and by about 6 months they are usually capable of a normal immune response. At how many months of age do infants generally start to have vaccinations in the UK?
Two
Relating to Virchow’s triad, venous thrombosis is most commonly related to alteration of blood flow (venous stasis) and/or of blood composition (hypercoagulable states). The damage/injury of what cells is ARTERIAL thrombosis mainly related to?
Endothelial
Of what type of disorder is the presence of a JAK2 V617F mutation in peripheral blood DNA diagnostic?
Myeloproliferative
What is the type of anaemia common to both B12 and folate deficiencies?
Megaloblastic
Platelets are often transfused when patients have thrombocytopenia, either to treat or prevent bleeding. What is the other main indication for platelet transfusion? Platelet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Dysfunction
Two major consequences arise from sickling of the red blood cells. One is widespread microvascular obstructions causing ischaemic tissue damage and pain. The other is what type of chronic anaemia?
Haemolytic
“Crossmatching” is a blood compatibility test, only used for red blood cell transfusions. A sample of the donor red cells (of the correct group taken from the blood bank after the group/screen/save process) are mixed with what from the patient to test for an agglutination or haemolysis reaction?
Plasma
