Crossword 6 - Gynae and Breast Flashcards
What sort of antibodies cross the placenta and give passive immunity to the fetus?
Maternal
What is an intracranial infection caused by viruses such as HSV and enterovirus that needs to be considered in a newborn or infant that presents with the non-specific findings of fever, irritability, lethargy, poor feeding, high pitched cry, bulging anterior fontanelle and convulsions?
Meningitis
What is a frequently occurring risk factor that increases the chance of developing renal cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer and pancreatic cancer but is considered by some to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer?
Smoking
What type of assessment is the MDT decision making process that uses clinical P scores, radiological R scores and pathological B scores to determine the next steps in treatment of a patient with a breast mass in the breast screening programme?
Triple
A 45yr old female presents with menorrhagia and increasing dysmenorrhoea to her doctor. An enlarged uterus is palpated. She subsequently undergoes a hysterectomy and the pathology sample shows multiple tumours comprising irregular nodules of benign smooth muscle cells distorting the body and the cavity of the uterus. The uterus and cervix together weigh 4kg. These tumours are often referred to by 2 different names. What is the name that more accurately explains the cell origin of these tumours?
Leiomyoma
The micro-organisms that cause intra-amniotic infections due to prolonged rupture of membranes mainly come via the cervix from the vagina. As well as Group B Streptococcus and Genital Mycoplasma, what is another common causative organism? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Coli
Escherichia
According to NICE guidance, women should be offered routine screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria by midstream urine culture early in pregnancy. Identification and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria reduces the risk of what complication?
Pyelonephritis
A woman of 75 has a small, firm, right breast mass tethered to the overlying skin, firm non-tender nodules palpable in the right axilla and has had higher than normal exposure to oestrogens due to early menarche, late menopause, obesity, the oral contraceptive pill and hormonal therapy for menopause, and has a history of high alcohol consumption. What is the most likely tumour type? _ _ _ _ _ _ carcinoma
Ductal
In children with pain on swallowing due to inflammation of the tonsils, pharynx, or larynx, a minority, 20-30% are caused by Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus. What type of infection are the majority (70-80%) caused by?
Viral
In what tissue does the most common malignancy of the female genital tract arise, with 9,200 new cases a year in the UK?
Endometrium
What pathological change within the breast tissue shows a constellation of benign, hormonally mediated breast changes including cyst formation, stromal fibrosis and mild epithelial hyperplasia without atypia in a pre-menopausal woman? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ change.
Fibrocystic
The TORCH acronym can be used to help remember which infections can be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy in utero. What is the missing infection from the following list? Others (syphilis, HIV, coxsackie virus, hepatitis B, varicella-zoster), Rubella. Cytomegalovirus disease & Herpes simplex disease.
Toxoplasmosis
What is the most likely diagnosis in a 30 year old woman with a well defined, mobile breast mass which microscopically shows proliferation of both epithelial and stromal components, scored as B2 by the pathologist?
Fibroadenoma
Respiratory viruses remain the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children under 5 years. What is the most likely organism to cause a seasonal viral illness characterized by fever, nasal discharge, and dry, wheezy cough who on examination shows fine inspiratory crackles and a high-pitched expiratory wheeze in a child of 4?
RSV
