Immune system

Question 1

what is innate immunity

Answer 1

the body’s initial generalized defenses against pathogens

Question 2

what is the most common granulocyte

Answer 2

neutrophils

Question 3

what do neutrophils do

Answer 3

attract additional white blood cells to sit of tissue damage, phagocytose bacteria

Question 4

what do eosinophils do

Answer 4

responsible for allergic and asthmatic responses, indicated infection by parasite,

Question 5

what do basophils do

Answer 5

involved in allergic responses and parasite infections, and are often responsible for the release of histamine

Question 6

what does histamine do

Answer 6

stimulates blood vessel dilation

Question 7

what are monocytes

Answer 7

large, long lived immune cells that can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 8

what is the role of macrophages

Answer 8

to phagocytize dead cells and pathogens

Question 9

what cells are involved in innate immunity

Answer 9

macrophages, natural killer cells, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

Question 10

what cells are involved in adaptive immunity

Answer 10

B cells and T cells

Question 11

what cells are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 11

dendritic cell and natural killer T-cell

Question 12

what are the two types of adaptive immunity

Answer 12

cell-mediated and humoral

Question 13

what cell mediates cell-mediated immunity

Answer 13

T lymphocytes

Question 14

what mediates humoral immunity

Answer 14

B lymphocytes

Question 15

where do T lymphocytes develop and mature

Answer 15

develop in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus

Question 16

what are the two types of histocompatability proteins

Answer 16

MHC I and MHC II

Question 17

what histocompatability protein do cytotoxic T cells respond to

Answer 17

antigens presented by MHC I complexes

Question 18

what histocompatability protein do T helper cells respond to

Answer 18

antigens presented by MHC II complexes

Question 19

what histocompatability protein do natural killer T cells respond to

Answer 19

they respond to antigens presented by other types of cells

Question 20

what is the function of memory T cells

Answer 20

allow for a quicker more targeted response if the antigen reappears

Question 21

what do regulatory or suppressor T cells do

Answer 21

tone down the T cell response to self cells or following an infection

Question 22

where do B lymphocytes develop and mature

Answer 22

they develop and mature in bone marrow

Question 23

what is the function of B cells

Answer 23

they create and express antibodies that have a high affinity for antigens

Question 24

explain the structure of immunoglobulins

Answer 24

they consist of two chains, a light chain and a heavy chain, which are held together with disulfide bonds

Question 25

what can active immunity be caused by

Answer 25

exposure to a pathogen or a vaccination

Question 26

what is passive immunity caused by

Answer 26

the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another

Question 27

what do lymph nodes and the spleen do

Answer 27

they are reservoirs for white blood cells and filters for lymph, remove antigen presenting cells and foreign matter and activate the immune system when necessary