Immune system Flashcards
what is innate immunity
the body’s initial generalized defenses against pathogens
what is the most common granulocyte
neutrophils
what do neutrophils do
attract additional white blood cells to sit of tissue damage, phagocytose bacteria
what do eosinophils do
responsible for allergic and asthmatic responses, indicated infection by parasite,
what do basophils do
involved in allergic responses and parasite infections, and are often responsible for the release of histamine
what does histamine do
stimulates blood vessel dilation
what are monocytes
large, long lived immune cells that can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells
what is the role of macrophages
to phagocytize dead cells and pathogens
what cells are involved in innate immunity
macrophages, natural killer cells, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
what cells are involved in adaptive immunity
B cells and T cells
what cells are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity
dendritic cell and natural killer T-cell
what are the two types of adaptive immunity
cell-mediated and humoral
what cell mediates cell-mediated immunity
T lymphocytes
what mediates humoral immunity
B lymphocytes
where do T lymphocytes develop and mature
develop in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus
what are the two types of histocompatability proteins
MHC I and MHC II
what histocompatability protein do cytotoxic T cells respond to
antigens presented by MHC I complexes
what histocompatability protein do T helper cells respond to
antigens presented by MHC II complexes
what histocompatability protein do natural killer T cells respond to
they respond to antigens presented by other types of cells
what is the function of memory T cells
allow for a quicker more targeted response if the antigen reappears
what do regulatory or suppressor T cells do
tone down the T cell response to self cells or following an infection
where do B lymphocytes develop and mature
they develop and mature in bone marrow
what is the function of B cells
they create and express antibodies that have a high affinity for antigens
explain the structure of immunoglobulins
they consist of two chains, a light chain and a heavy chain, which are held together with disulfide bonds
what can active immunity be caused by
exposure to a pathogen or a vaccination
what is passive immunity caused by
the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another
what do lymph nodes and the spleen do
they are reservoirs for white blood cells and filters for lymph, remove antigen presenting cells and foreign matter and activate the immune system when necessary
