chapter 5 Flashcards
what are the main points in the cell theory
- all living things are composed of cells
- the cell in the basic functional unit of life
- chemical reactions of life take place inside the cell
- cells arise only from pre- existing cells
- cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA. this genetic material is passed from parent cell to daughter cell
what are the 6 kingdoms of living things
- bacteria
- archaea
- protista
- fungi
- plantae
- Animalia
where does rRNA synthesis occur
in the nucleolus
where is the nucleolus located
in the nucleus
what are ribosomes involved in
protein synthesis
what does the golgi apparatus do
receives vesicles from smooth ER and modifies them and distributes then to the cell surface for exocytosis
what is glycosylation
an enzymatic process that attaches glycans to proteins
describe the mitochondria membrane
it has an inner and outer phospholipid bilayer
what are centrioles made of
microtubules
what are centrioles involved in
spindle organization during cell division
where are centrioles located in animal cells
oriented at right angles in the centrosome
what does the centrosome do
organizes microtubules and helps regulated the cell cycle
do plant cells contain centrioles
no
what is autolysis
self destruction of a cell by rupturing lysosome membrane
what does the cytoskeleton do
supports the cell, maintains its shape, and aids in cell motility
what is the cytoskeleton composed of
microtubules , microfilaments, and intermediate filametns
what are cilia and flagella made of
microtubules
what is the function of cilia and flagella
aid in cell motility and cytoplasmic movement
what are microtubules made of
tubulin
what are microfilaments made of
actin
what is osmosis
simple diffusion of water from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration
when is the medium hypertonic
when the cytoplasm has a lower solute concentration than the extracellular medium
what will happen to water in a hypertonic environment
it will flow out of the cell
when is the medium hypotonic
when the extracellular environment is less concentrated than the cytoplasm
what will happen to water in a hypotonic environment
water will flow into the cell
what is pinocytosis
the ingestion of fluids or small particles
what is brownian movement
kinetic energy spreads mall particles throughout the cytoplasm of the cell
what is cyclosis
circular motion of cytoplasm around the cell transports molecules
what are the types of intracellular circualtion
brownian movement, cyclosis, ER
what are the types of extracellular circulation
diffusion, circulatory system
what is interphase
a period of growth and chromosome replication
what is the result after replication during interphase
the chromosomes consist of 2 identical sister chromatids held together at the centromere
describe the DNA during interphase
individual chromosomes are not visible, instead DNA is uncoiled and called chromatin
what are the three parts of interphase
G1, S, and G2
what happens in G1
- initiates interphase
- cell increases in size
- synthesis of proteins
what determines the length of the cell cycle
the length of G1
What happens in S
period of DNA synthesis
what happen in G2
cell prepares to divide, grows and synthesizes proteins
