chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the main points in the cell theory

A
  • all living things are composed of cells
  • the cell in the basic functional unit of life
  • chemical reactions of life take place inside the cell
  • cells arise only from pre- existing cells
  • cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA. this genetic material is passed from parent cell to daughter cell
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2
Q

what are the 6 kingdoms of living things

A
  • bacteria
  • archaea
  • protista
  • fungi
  • plantae
  • Animalia
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3
Q

where does rRNA synthesis occur

A

in the nucleolus

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4
Q

where is the nucleolus located

A

in the nucleus

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5
Q

what are ribosomes involved in

A

protein synthesis

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6
Q

what does the golgi apparatus do

A

receives vesicles from smooth ER and modifies them and distributes then to the cell surface for exocytosis

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7
Q

what is glycosylation

A

an enzymatic process that attaches glycans to proteins

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8
Q

describe the mitochondria membrane

A

it has an inner and outer phospholipid bilayer

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9
Q

what are centrioles made of

A

microtubules

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10
Q

what are centrioles involved in

A

spindle organization during cell division

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11
Q

where are centrioles located in animal cells

A

oriented at right angles in the centrosome

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12
Q

what does the centrosome do

A

organizes microtubules and helps regulated the cell cycle

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13
Q

do plant cells contain centrioles

A

no

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14
Q

what is autolysis

A

self destruction of a cell by rupturing lysosome membrane

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15
Q

what does the cytoskeleton do

A

supports the cell, maintains its shape, and aids in cell motility

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16
Q

what is the cytoskeleton composed of

A

microtubules , microfilaments, and intermediate filametns

17
Q

what are cilia and flagella made of

A

microtubules

18
Q

what is the function of cilia and flagella

A

aid in cell motility and cytoplasmic movement

19
Q

what are microtubules made of

A

tubulin

20
Q

what are microfilaments made of

A

actin

21
Q

what is osmosis

A

simple diffusion of water from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration

22
Q

when is the medium hypertonic

A

when the cytoplasm has a lower solute concentration than the extracellular medium

23
Q

what will happen to water in a hypertonic environment

A

it will flow out of the cell

24
Q

when is the medium hypotonic

A

when the extracellular environment is less concentrated than the cytoplasm

25
Q

what will happen to water in a hypotonic environment

A

water will flow into the cell

26
Q

what is pinocytosis

A

the ingestion of fluids or small particles

27
Q

what is brownian movement

A

kinetic energy spreads mall particles throughout the cytoplasm of the cell

28
Q

what is cyclosis

A

circular motion of cytoplasm around the cell transports molecules

29
Q

what are the types of intracellular circualtion

A

brownian movement, cyclosis, ER

30
Q

what are the types of extracellular circulation

A

diffusion, circulatory system

31
Q

what is interphase

A

a period of growth and chromosome replication

32
Q

what is the result after replication during interphase

A

the chromosomes consist of 2 identical sister chromatids held together at the centromere

33
Q

describe the DNA during interphase

A

individual chromosomes are not visible, instead DNA is uncoiled and called chromatin

34
Q

what are the three parts of interphase

A

G1, S, and G2

35
Q

what happens in G1

A
  • initiates interphase
  • cell increases in size
  • synthesis of proteins
36
Q

what determines the length of the cell cycle

A

the length of G1

37
Q

What happens in S

A

period of DNA synthesis

38
Q

what happen in G2

A

cell prepares to divide, grows and synthesizes proteins