Chapter 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

describe a desert biome and an example

A
  • fewer than 10 inches of rain a year
  • small plants and animals
  • ex: sahara desert
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2
Q

describe a grassland biome and an example

A
  • low rainfall (10-30 inches a year)
  • provides no shelter for herbivorous mammals from carnivorous predators
  • land animals that do inhabit grasslands have long legs and are hoofed
  • ex: argentina
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3
Q

describe a rainforest biome and an example

A
  • torrential rains,
  • high temperatures in tropical rainforest
  • moderate temperatures in normal rainforest
  • plants such as vines and epiphytes
  • animals such as monkeys, snakes, birds
  • trees grow close and sunlight does not reach the floor
  • floor inhabited by saphrophytes
  • ex: central america
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4
Q

what are epiphytes

A

plants growing on other plants

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5
Q

what are saphrophytes

A

live off of dead organic matter

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6
Q

describe temperate deciduous forest biomes and an example

A
  • cold winter, warm summers, moderate rainfall
  • beech, maple, oaks, and willow trees
  • animals include deer, foxes, woodchucks, squirrels
  • ex: Northeastern U.S
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7
Q

describe temperate coniferous forest biome and an example

A
  • cold,dry, inhabited mainly by trees that dont lose leaves such as fir, pine, spruce.
  • largest biomass of terrestrial biomes due to massvie trees
  • animals include beavers, bears, sheep
  • found in extreme northern U.S
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8
Q

describe taiga biome and an example

A
  • less rainfall than temperate forests.
  • long, cold winters, trees that don’t lose leaves, forest floors have thin soil covered in moss and lichens
  • animals- moose, deer, bears, wolves
  • ex: extreme northern Canada
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9
Q

describe tundra biome and an example

A
  • treeless, frozen plain
  • ground covered in ice or snow most of the year
  • lichens, mosses, polar bear, musk oxen, arctic hares found here
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10
Q

describe the polar region

A

surrounds polar ice caps, frozen, no vegetation, and few land animals,
-has penguins and polar bears with little precipitation

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11
Q

what is the intertidal zone and what lives in it

A
  • region exposed at low tides that undergoes change in temperature and periods of dryness
  • algae, sponges, clams, snail, crabs, starfisk
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12
Q

what is the neritic zone and what lives in it

A
  • region of continental shelf that contains ocean with depths up to 600 feet and extends several hundred miles from the shores.
  • algae, crabs, crustaceans, different species of fish
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13
Q

what is the pelagic zone

A

open seas, can be divided into photic and aphotic zones

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14
Q

what is the photic zone and what lives in it

A

sunlit layer of open sea extending 250-600 feet deep, contains plankton, nekton, and diatom (an alga)

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15
Q

what is the aphotic zone and what lives in it

A
  • region beneath the photic zone that gets no light

- only heterotrophs exist here, contains nekton and benthos

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16
Q

what are benthos

A

crawling, sessile organisms

17
Q

what are examples of primary producers

A

autotrophic green plants and chemosynthetic bacteria

18
Q

what are examples of primary consumers

A

herbivores

19
Q

what are examples of secondary consumers

A

carnivores that eat primary consumers

20
Q

what are examples of tertiary consumers

A

animals that feed on secondary consumers

21
Q

where does the group with the largest biomass exist on the food pyramid

A

at the bottom

22
Q

explain the 4 steps of the nitrogen cycle

A
  1. elemental N2 is converted to nitrates by lightning and Nitrogen fixing bacteria
  2. nitrates are absorbed by plants and used to synthesize nucleic acids and plant proteins
  3. nitrogen locked in waste is released by action of bacteria of decay which convert proteins to ammonia
  4. some ammonia is converted to nitrates by chemosynthetic bacteria and then to nitrates by bacteria. the rest is dentrified