Chapter 21 Flashcards
what is the “order” in naming of living things
domain-> kingdom-> phyla-> class -> order-> family -> genus -> species
what are monerans
- prokaryotes, single celled, lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- archaea and eubacteria
describe bacteria
- single-celled prokaryotes, no nuclear membrane, recycles elemental chemicals
- can be cocci, bacilli, or spirilla
what shape are cocci bacteria
round
what shape are bacilli bacteria
rods
what shape are spirilli bacteria
spirals
describe cyanobacteria
- live in freshwater but also exist in marine environments
- have cell wall and photosynthetic pigments
- no flagella, no nuclei, no chloroplasts or mitochondria
- can withstand high temperatures
describe archaea
- prokaryotes, have cell walls and flagella,
- can withstand high temperatures and low pH
describe protozoa
single celled, heterotrophic
describe algae
- photosynthetic organisms
- blue, green, red, and brown algae
what kingdom are algae and protozoa a part of
protista
what are characteristics of protists
eukaryotic, membrane bound nuclei and organelles, single celled
what are slime molds
- also protists
- reproduce asexually by sporulation
describe fungi
non-photosynthetic, cell walls made of chitin, eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophs,
-reproduce by asexual sporulation or intricate sexual processes
describe plantae
nonmotile, photosynthetic, autotrophs, rhizoids project into soil to absorb water and minerals
describe byrophytes and give an example
- simple plants with specialized organs and tissues, lack xylem, live in moist places
- gametophyte generation is dominant
- ex: mosses
describe tracheophytes and give an example
contain xylem and phloem, anchored by deep roots can grow tall
- good at water conservation and gas exchange
- sporophyte generation is dominant
what are pterophytes and give an example
- dont have seeds, grow from an underground stem and contain large leaves with many vascular bundles
- heart shaped leaves for gametophyte generation
- normal leaves for sporophyte generation
- contains xylem
- ex: fern
describe lycophytes
have roots, are nonwoody and contain microphyll leaves
describe angiosperms
contain greatest number of different plant species of all the extant plant divisions, most abundant of all plants, have flowers, anther of male stamen makes microspores and female pistil makes megaspores
describe dicotyledons and give an example
angiosperms with net veined leaves and vascular bundles, contains 2 cotyledons
- can be woody, flowers in multiples of 4 or 5
- ex: apple trees, maple trees
describe monocotyeldons and give an example
- angiosperms with leaves with parallel veins, scattered vascular bungles and seeds with single cotyledons
- nonwoody
- ex: wheat ,corn, pineapple
describe gymnospersm
naked-seeded plants, gametophyte stage is short-lived and microscopic, terrestrial, sperm nuclei fertilize egg with pollen tube
-grow in diameter and length and are woody
describe conifers and give example
largest of gymnosperms
-pines, firs, cones, spiral clusters of leaves
what are the 3 other types of gymnosperms
- cycads
- gnetophytes
- ginkgo
describe animalia
multicellular, motile, heterotrophic organisms
give examples of porifera
seas sponges, sessile
describe cnidaria and give example
- digestive sac sealed at one end,
- 2 layers :endoderm and ectoderm
- ex: jellyfish
describe platyhelminthes and give example
- 3 layers of cells
- bilaterally symmetrical, no circulatory system
- ex: flatworms
describe nematoda and give example
long digestive tract and anuses, mesoderm present, no circulatory system
-ex: roundworms
describe annelida and give example
- segmented worms with a coelom contained in mesoderm, have well defined systems
ex: earthworms
describe mollusca and give an example
- soft-bodied, calcareous exoskeletons, breathe by gills, chambered heart and blood sinuses
- ex: clams and snails
describe arthropoda and give an example
-jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeletons
what are the 3 groups of athropods
insects, arachnids, and crustaceans
describe insects
possess spiracles and tracheal tubes designed for breathing outside aquatic environment, 3 pairs of legs
describe arachnids
4 pairs of legs
describe crustaceans
segmented bodies with gills
describe echinodermata and give an example
- spiny, radially symmetrical, can regenerate parts
- ex: starfish
describe chordata
-stiff dorsal rod (notochord), paired gill slits and tail at some point in embryonic development
describe vertebrata
amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish, mammals, have bony vertebrae to protect nerve cord
describe agnatha and give example
jawless fish
ex: lamprey
describe chondricnthyes and give example
- cartilaginous fish with jaws and teeth
- ex: shark
describe amphibia
- larvae stages in water, adult stages in land
- larvae have gills and a tail, adults have lungs, legs and no tail
- 3 chambered heart
- eggs laid in water
describe reptilia
terrestrial, lay leathery eggs, use internal fertilization, cold blooded, 3 chambered heart
describe aves
birds, 4 chambered heart, warm blooded
describe mammalia
-warm blooded, feed offspring with milk
what are the 3 types of mammalia
monotremata, marsupialia, placentalia
describe monotremeta and give example
- lay leathery eggs, horny bills, produce milk but hav eno nipples
- ex: platypus
describe marsupialia and give example
- starts development in uterus and completes in adbominal pouch attached to nipples
- ex: kangaroo
describe placentalia
embyos develop fully in uterus
why are virsuses not a kingdqon
because they cant live outside of a host
