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DAT Biology > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the “order” in naming of living things

A

domain-> kingdom-> phyla-> class -> order-> family -> genus -> species

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2
Q

what are monerans

A
  • prokaryotes, single celled, lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles
  • archaea and eubacteria
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3
Q

describe bacteria

A
  • single-celled prokaryotes, no nuclear membrane, recycles elemental chemicals
  • can be cocci, bacilli, or spirilla
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4
Q

what shape are cocci bacteria

A

round

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5
Q

what shape are bacilli bacteria

A

rods

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6
Q

what shape are spirilli bacteria

A

spirals

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7
Q

describe cyanobacteria

A
  • live in freshwater but also exist in marine environments
  • have cell wall and photosynthetic pigments
  • no flagella, no nuclei, no chloroplasts or mitochondria
  • can withstand high temperatures
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8
Q

describe archaea

A
  • prokaryotes, have cell walls and flagella,

- can withstand high temperatures and low pH

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9
Q

describe protozoa

A

single celled, heterotrophic

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10
Q

describe algae

A
  • photosynthetic organisms

- blue, green, red, and brown algae

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11
Q

what kingdom are algae and protozoa a part of

A

protista

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12
Q

what are characteristics of protists

A

eukaryotic, membrane bound nuclei and organelles, single celled

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13
Q

what are slime molds

A
  • also protists

- reproduce asexually by sporulation

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14
Q

describe fungi

A

non-photosynthetic, cell walls made of chitin, eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophs,
-reproduce by asexual sporulation or intricate sexual processes

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15
Q

describe plantae

A

nonmotile, photosynthetic, autotrophs, rhizoids project into soil to absorb water and minerals

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16
Q

describe byrophytes and give an example

A
  • simple plants with specialized organs and tissues, lack xylem, live in moist places
  • gametophyte generation is dominant
  • ex: mosses
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17
Q

describe tracheophytes and give an example

A

contain xylem and phloem, anchored by deep roots can grow tall

  • good at water conservation and gas exchange
  • sporophyte generation is dominant
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18
Q

what are pterophytes and give an example

A
  • dont have seeds, grow from an underground stem and contain large leaves with many vascular bundles
  • heart shaped leaves for gametophyte generation
  • normal leaves for sporophyte generation
  • contains xylem
  • ex: fern
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19
Q

describe lycophytes

A

have roots, are nonwoody and contain microphyll leaves

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20
Q

describe angiosperms

A

contain greatest number of different plant species of all the extant plant divisions, most abundant of all plants, have flowers, anther of male stamen makes microspores and female pistil makes megaspores

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21
Q

describe dicotyledons and give an example

A

angiosperms with net veined leaves and vascular bundles, contains 2 cotyledons

  • can be woody, flowers in multiples of 4 or 5
  • ex: apple trees, maple trees
22
Q

describe monocotyeldons and give an example

A
  • angiosperms with leaves with parallel veins, scattered vascular bungles and seeds with single cotyledons
  • nonwoody
  • ex: wheat ,corn, pineapple
23
Q

describe gymnospersm

A

naked-seeded plants, gametophyte stage is short-lived and microscopic, terrestrial, sperm nuclei fertilize egg with pollen tube
-grow in diameter and length and are woody

24
Q

describe conifers and give example

A

largest of gymnosperms

-pines, firs, cones, spiral clusters of leaves

25
Q

what are the 3 other types of gymnosperms

A
  • cycads
  • gnetophytes
  • ginkgo
26
Q

describe animalia

A

multicellular, motile, heterotrophic organisms

27
Q

give examples of porifera

A

seas sponges, sessile

28
Q

describe cnidaria and give example

A
  • digestive sac sealed at one end,
  • 2 layers :endoderm and ectoderm
  • ex: jellyfish
29
Q

describe platyhelminthes and give example

A
  • 3 layers of cells
  • bilaterally symmetrical, no circulatory system
  • ex: flatworms
30
Q

describe nematoda and give example

A

long digestive tract and anuses, mesoderm present, no circulatory system
-ex: roundworms

31
Q

describe annelida and give example

A
  • segmented worms with a coelom contained in mesoderm, have well defined systems
    ex: earthworms
32
Q

describe mollusca and give an example

A
  • soft-bodied, calcareous exoskeletons, breathe by gills, chambered heart and blood sinuses
  • ex: clams and snails
33
Q

describe arthropoda and give an example

A

-jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeletons

34
Q

what are the 3 groups of athropods

A

insects, arachnids, and crustaceans

35
Q

describe insects

A

possess spiracles and tracheal tubes designed for breathing outside aquatic environment, 3 pairs of legs

36
Q

describe arachnids

A

4 pairs of legs

37
Q

describe crustaceans

A

segmented bodies with gills

38
Q

describe echinodermata and give an example

A
  • spiny, radially symmetrical, can regenerate parts

- ex: starfish

39
Q

describe chordata

A

-stiff dorsal rod (notochord), paired gill slits and tail at some point in embryonic development

40
Q

describe vertebrata

A

amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish, mammals, have bony vertebrae to protect nerve cord

41
Q

describe agnatha and give example

A

jawless fish

ex: lamprey

42
Q

describe chondricnthyes and give example

A
  • cartilaginous fish with jaws and teeth

- ex: shark

43
Q

describe amphibia

A
  • larvae stages in water, adult stages in land
  • larvae have gills and a tail, adults have lungs, legs and no tail
  • 3 chambered heart
  • eggs laid in water
44
Q

describe reptilia

A

terrestrial, lay leathery eggs, use internal fertilization, cold blooded, 3 chambered heart

45
Q

describe aves

A

birds, 4 chambered heart, warm blooded

46
Q

describe mammalia

A

-warm blooded, feed offspring with milk

47
Q

what are the 3 types of mammalia

A

monotremata, marsupialia, placentalia

48
Q

describe monotremeta and give example

A
  • lay leathery eggs, horny bills, produce milk but hav eno nipples
  • ex: platypus
49
Q

describe marsupialia and give example

A
  • starts development in uterus and completes in adbominal pouch attached to nipples
  • ex: kangaroo
50
Q

describe placentalia

A

embyos develop fully in uterus

51
Q

why are virsuses not a kingdqon

A

because they cant live outside of a host

DAT Biology (23 decks)

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