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Histology Term 1 > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the Adaptive immune system?

A

1) Humoral

2) Cellular

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2
Q

What type of cells make up the Humoral Immune system?

A

-B Lymphocytes

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3
Q

What is the main job of B Lymphocytes?

A

-Create plasma cells to secrete antibodies

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4
Q

What differentiates into plasma cells?

A

B Lymphocytes

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5
Q

What stimulates B Lymphocytes?

A

Interleukins

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6
Q

What antibodies do B lymphocytes have on their surface?

A
  • IgM

- IgD

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7
Q

What is an antigen?

A

a non-self substance

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8
Q

What portions of antibodies are different between different types of Abs?

A
  • Antigen Binding site

- Fc region (Heavy Chain)

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9
Q

What do IgM antibodies do?

A
  • Activate Complement

- Activaet B cells

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10
Q

What is complement?

A

A cascade of proenzymes/proteases involved in mediating the immune response

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11
Q

What do IgG antibodies do?

A

Activate Macrophages and neutrophils

-Can also activate complement

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12
Q

What do IgA antibodies do?

A
  • Agglutinates antigen

- Activates effector cells

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13
Q

What do IgE antibodies do?

A
  • Bind to mast cells and basophils

- Stimulate release of histamine, heparin, and cytokines

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14
Q

What do IgD antibodies do?

A

Activate the B lymphocyte (receptor)

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15
Q

What do T-Lymphocytes do?

A

Mediate cellular immunity

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16
Q

What stimulates T-Lymphocytes?

A

Major Histocompatability Complex (MCH’s)

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17
Q

What do Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CD8+) do?

A

Induce programmed cell death or lysis

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18
Q

What MHC class do Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes recognize?

A

MHC-I

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19
Q

What do Helper T Lymphocytes (CD4+) do?

A

Secrete cytokines to stimulate other immune cells

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20
Q

What MHC class do Helper T Lymphocytes Recognize?

A

MHC-II

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21
Q

What do Regulatory T Cells do?

A

-They are capable of suppressing immune response

22
Q

What do Natural Killer Cells do?

A

Kill viral infected cells and tumor cells in a nonspecific (innate) manner
-Don’t use MHC presentation

23
Q

What do Macrophages and Neutrophils do?

A

Phagocytose material coated with IgG and IgM antibodies

24
Q

What do mast cells and basophils do?

A
  • Release Histamine and Heparin

- Also release chemotactic agents

25
Q

What constitutes the Lymphoid tissues?

A
  • Thymus
  • Bone Marrow
  • Lymph Nodes
  • Spleen
26
Q

What occurs in the cortex of the thymus?

A

-T lymphocytes Proliferate and program in cortex (positive selection process for MHC

27
Q

What happens to T lymphocytes that do not bind an MHC?

A

The die via apoptosis

28
Q

What happens to T lymphocytes that DO bind an MHC?

A
  • migrate to medulla of Thymus where they are negatively selected for recognition of self antigens
  • Dendritic cells present self antigens
29
Q

What does a Hassall’s Corpuscle do?

A

Makes interleukins and cytokines

30
Q

Where are Hassall’s Corpuscles located?

A

Medulla of the Thymus

31
Q

What part of the IgE antibody stimulates the release of histamine, heparin, and cytokines?

A

The Fc Region

32
Q

What are the 5 layers that form the blood-thymic barrier?

A
  1. Endothelial cell (Tight)
  2. Basal Lamina (Tight)
  3. Some connective tissue
  4. Basal Lamina of Reticular Cell (Tight)
  5. Thymic epithelial cell (Tight)
33
Q

Do thymic epithelial cells make fibers?

A

no, they are a type of epithelial cell

34
Q

What do lymph nodes do?

A

Filter regional lymph fluid

35
Q

What type of collagen do reticular cells of the lymph node make?

A

Collagen Type III

36
Q

What is happening in Lymphoid (B cell) nodules in lymph nodes?

A

B cell Proliferation

37
Q

What does the HEV do?

A

Point of entry for lymphocytes into the lymph node

38
Q

Where are HEVs located?

A

The paracortex region of the lymph node

39
Q

Which lymphatic tissues have reticular cells that make fibers?

A

Lymph node and Spleen

40
Q

What is the primary purpose of the spleen?

A

a blood filter

41
Q

What makes up the white pulp of the spleen?

A
  • lymphoid nodules

- periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)

42
Q

What makes up red pulp of the spleen?

A
  • sinusoids rich in blood

- splenic cords of Billroth

43
Q

Where are MALT tissues found?

A

Digestive, Respiratory, and Genitourinary Tracts

44
Q

What is MALT?

A
  • Mucosa-Associated-lymphoid-Tissue

- Tonsils

45
Q

What is the purpose of tonsils?

A

Survey substances brought into the mouth, throat, pharynx

46
Q

What is contained within medullary cords of the lymph node?

A

T and B lymphocytes-Many Plasma cells

47
Q

What is contained within medullary sinuses of the lymph node?

A

meshwork of processes from reticular cells-Many macrophages and neutrophils if draining an infected region

48
Q

What do the splenic trabeculae do?

A

Carry branches of the splenic artery, vein, lymphatics, and nerves into the splenic pulp

49
Q

What happens in the red pulp of the spleen?

A

Effete RBC’s are removed

50
Q

What is contained within the splenic cords of Billroth?

A

A network of reticular cells and fibers filled with T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, other leukocytes, and RBCs

51
Q

What are Stave Cells?

A

cells that make up the splenic sinusoids, resembling a loosely organized wooden barrel

Histology Term 1 (15 decks)

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