Bone 2 Flashcards
What is contained within organic (osteoid) bone matrix?
- collagen type 1
- Glycosaminoglycans
- Proteoglycans
- Glycoproteins
What is contained within inorganic bone matrix?
Hydroxyapatite crystals
What are hydroxylapatite cristals?
Bone Hardener
What enzyme increases local phosphate concentration in bone matrix?
Alkaline Phosphatase
What binds calcium in the bone matrix to increase local calcium concnetration?
Osteocalcin
What cell generates the bone matrix?
Osteoblasts
What are osteons?
Cylindrical structures that run along vessels in compact/cortical bone to provide strength
What are the 4 histological structures of lamellar cortical bone?
- Outercircumferential lamellae
- Osteons
- Interstitial Lamellae
- Inner Circumferential Lamellae
What kind of connective tissue is the perioseum?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What lines haversion and volkmann’s canals?
Endosteum
What connects periosteum to bone?
“Sharpey’s Fibers”
How do interstitial lamellae come about in compact bone?
- remodeling
- New osteons travel through old ones
What are the two forms of osteogenesis?
Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification
What kind of bones does intramembranous ossification synthesize?
Flat bones
What tissue do flat bones evolve from?
a mesenchymal membrane
What tissue do Long bones evolve from?
Hyaline cartilage
What is a bone blastema?
The area in mesenchymal membrane where cells are differentiating to osteoblasts, beginning the process of intramembranous ossification
What structure is formed when several bone blastemae develop simultaneously and fuse together?
Primary Spongiosa
What allows blood vessel growth through hyaline cartilage?
-Chondrocytes die and leave an enlarged lacunae chamber
How are osteoprogenitor cells deposited in the empty lacunae of hyaline cartlilage?
They are deposited there by blood vessels
What are the 5 zones of the epiphyseal plate?
- Resting zone
- Proliferative zone
- Hypertrophic Zone
- Calcified Cartilage Zone
- Ossification zone
What are the stages of fracture repari?
- Periosteal Proliferation
- Formation of hyaline cartilage, which begins ossification
- New woven bone is laid down via both endochondral and intramembranous ossification
- Woven bone eventually remodeled to lamellar bone
What are the 3 sections of the cortical bone remodeling system?
- Cutting cone (Osteoclasts)
- Reversal zone (Osteoprogenitor cells)
- Closing cone (Osteoblasts)
What vitamin does osteocalcin depend on?
Vitamin K
