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Histology Term 1 > Connective Tissue 1 > Flashcards

Connective Tissue 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of connective tissue?

A

-Mesenchymal Derived cells -Immune cells -ECM =Fibers =Ground substance

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2
Q

What is skin connective tissue derived from?

A

Fibroblasts

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3
Q

What is the ground substance?

A

A lubricant that helps glue cells to fibers, and fibers to fibers

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4
Q

What is boneconnective tissue derived from?

A

osteocytes

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5
Q

What is cartilage connective tissue derived from?

A

Chondrocytes

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6
Q

What type of tissue do cells producing ECM differentiate from?

A

Mesencyme

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7
Q

What type of intermediate fiber is expressed in mesenchymal cells?

A

Vimentin

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8
Q

What do cells that are derived from hematopoietic stem cells do?

A

-Antigen presentation -Immune system

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9
Q

What makes up the ECM?

A

-Fibers -Ground substance

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10
Q

What are the three types of fibers?

A

-Collagen -Reticular -Elastic

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11
Q

What are reticular fibers basically made of?

A

Collagen

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12
Q

What is the main strength and structural component of the ECM?

A

Collagen protein

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13
Q

What type of collagen is found in skin, bone, and tendon?

A

Type I

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14
Q

What type of collagen is found in Cartilage and vitreous in the eye?

A

Type II

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15
Q

What type of collagen is found in skin, muscle, and bone?

A

Type III

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16
Q

What type of collagen forms the basement membrane?

A

Type IV

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17
Q

What type of collagen anchors the basement membrane to underlying stroma?

A

Type VII

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18
Q

What protein has a repetetive G-Pro-Lyse sequence?

A

Collagen

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19
Q

Why are the residues of collagen hydroxylated during synthesis?

A

Allows formation of the triple helix

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20
Q

What prevents the full intracellular assembly of collagen fibrils?

A

Non-helical terminal peptides

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21
Q

What enzyme catalyzes hydroxylation of specific prolyl and lysyl residues of preprocollagen?

A

Prolyl/Lysyl Hydroxylase

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22
Q

What cofactor is Prolyl/lysyl Hydroxylase dependent on?

A

Vitamin C

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23
Q

What happens when you don’t get enough vitamin C

A

-Collagen fibers break down -Scurvy

24
Q

What disease results from the mutation of the glycine in collagen?

A

Osteogensis Imperfecta

25
Q

Is procollagen soluble inside the cell?

26
Q

Is collagen soluble outside of the cell?

27
Q

What enzyme cleaves the nonhelical terminal peptides, thus allowing collagen to aggregate into collagen fibrils?

A

Procollagen Peptidase

28
Q

What reaction reinforces the fibrillar collagen structure? What enzyme catalyzes this reaction?

A

covalent cross-links between collagen molecules, catalyzed by the enzyme lysyl oxidase

29
Q

What makes reticular fibers different from collagen fibers?

A

-They are highly glycosylated (Collagen III) -They cover organs, Bone marrow, and muscle matrix

30
Q

What are elastic fibers made of?

A

-Elasitn deposited on to fibrillin scaffold

31
Q

What prevents Elastase from breaking down elastic fibers in the lungs?

A

Alpha 1-antitrypsin

32
Q

What happens if Alpha 1-antitrypsin is unable to inhibit elastase?

33
Q

What are the 3 types of structural/functional macromolecules that make up Ground Substance?

A

-glycosaminoglycans -Proteoglycans -Multiadhesive Glycoprotiens

34
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?

A

-A type of macromolecule that forms Ground Substance -It is a repeating disaccharide of hexoseamine + uronic

35
Q

What is Hyaluronic acid?

A

it is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) -It functions as lubrication in the Ground Substance -sequesters water like a sponge

36
Q

What kinds of connective tissue cells originate from mesenchymal cells?

A

-fibroblasts -adipocytes -chontrocytes -osteoblasts

37
Q

What builds ECM???

A

Mesenchymal Cells!!

38
Q

What type of collagen is found in cartilage?

A

Type II collagen

39
Q

Where are reticular fibers found?

A

-covering organs -Bone Marrow -muscle matrix

40
Q

What proteoglycan presents as a transmembrane protein?

41
Q

What proteoglycan presents as an ECM protein?

42
Q

What do proteoglycans do?

A

sequester growth factors in the ECM

43
Q

What are proteyglycans made out of?

A

proteins + GAG

44
Q

What do multiadhesive glycoproteins do?

A

adhere cells to the basal lamina

45
Q

What is fibronectin?

A

-Multiadhesive glycoprotein -binds collagen, GAGs, and integrins on cells

46
Q

What is Laminin?

A

-a multiadhesive glycoprotein -binds epithelia to collagen IV in Basal Lamina

47
Q

What are the functions of integrin?

A

-Cell adhesion -Cell Orientation in its environment

48
Q

What are two histological types of adult Connective tissue?

A

-Loose Areolar -Dense

49
Q

What is contained within Loose areolar connective tissue?

A

-High amount of cells -Small bundles of non-oriented Type 1 collagen

50
Q

Where is loose areolar connective tissue found?

A

Papillary dermal layer of skin

51
Q

What are the two subtypes of Dense Adult connective tissue?

A

Regular and Irregular

52
Q

What is contained within Regular Dense Adult connective tissue?

A

-Few cells -Large amount of type 1 collagen in parallel array

53
Q

Where is regular dense adult connective tissue found?

54
Q

What is contained within irregular dense adult connective tissue?

A

-few cells -large amount of random Type 1 collagen

55
Q

Where is irregular dense adult connective tissue found?

A

-Reticular dermis -periosteum -perichondrium -epineurium –epimysium

Histology Term 1 (15 decks)

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