Identity and Personality Flashcards
Objective Reference Group
Average group…. can be simulated with randomization.
Self Analysis
The analysis of oneself, particularly motivations and character
Role taking aka ….
Social perspective taking, is the sociological theory that one of the most important factors in facilitating social cognition in children is the growing ability to understand others’ feelings and perspectives, an ability that emerges as a result of general cognitive growth.
Outside Theory of Mind
Ability to sense how someone else’s mind works
FIdelity
Erikson’s concept of fidelity: an ability to see oneself as a unique and integrated person.
Thoery of Mind
Involves understanding how other think, and thus a leader or teacher can adapt their methods for their students or followers.
Reference Group
Individuals often emulate the attitudes and behaviors of groups that they admire and would like to join.
Super Ego
This is the feelings behind the decision (guilt, pride, etc)
Ego
This is the actions we take in response to our feelings (superego).
This is the actual self and the operating self, since it the self that does all of the outward actions.
Id
Unconscious dark self… the beast
Self Appraisal
The “who am I”
- gay or straight
- feel like a man, boy, girl, woman
Kohlberg Moral Reasoning
- Preconventional morality—Typical of preadolescent thinking and places an emphasis on the consequences of the moral choice
- Obedience—The first stage which is concerned with avoiding punishment
- Self-interest—Stage two which is concerned with gaining rewards
- Conventional morality—Begins to develop in early adolescence and is based on understanding and accepting social rules
- Conformity—Stage three of development which places an emphasis on seeking the approval of others
- Law and order—Stage four of development which maintains the social order in the highest regard
- Postconventional morality—Describes a level of reasoning that Kohlberg claimed not everyone was capable of reaching. It is based on social mores, which may conflict with laws.
- Social contract—Stage five of Kohlberg’s theory of development which views moral rules as conventions that are designed to ensure the greater good, with reasoning focused on individual rights (Ex. everyone has a right to live, businesses have a right to profit from their products)
- Universal human ethics—Stage six of Kohlberg’s theory of development which reasons that decisions should be made in consideration of abstract principles (Ex. it is wrong for one person to hold another’s life for ransom)
The big five
A modern expansion of the PEN theory that uses dimensions of five traits including openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism to explain personalities
Type A and B personalities
Type A and B personalities—A well known theory that divides people into Type A personality (competitive and compulsive) and Type B personality (laid-back and aloof)
Self Concept
Formed from our own internal list of answers to the question “Who am I?” and includes our appraisal of who we used to be and who we will become: our past and future selves
