Biology and Behavior Flashcards
A peg-word system
using a rhythm or rap to remember a list of things…. the cat and bat took a crack so i need pick up some cards so i can play black jack.
Chunking
memorizing in groups like a SS number xxx-xx-xxxx
The method of loci
meorizing things with a spatial map/ picture…\ Imagine people memorizing a grocery list. They might picture a carton of eggs sitting on their doorstep, a person spilling milk in the front hallway, a giant stick of butter in the living room, and so on. Later, when the person wishes to recall the list, they simply take a mental walk through the locations and recall the images they formed earlier.
Semantic Encoding
This technique encodes information by applying sensory information to the context.
Moro Reflex
Moro reflex is an extension and retraction of the arms followed by crying in response to sudden head movement.
Startle Reflex
Flinching
Rooting Reflex
Suck from mothers breast
Stepping Reflex
Patting groung with feet while standing
Parkinsons
Can pair, pain, depression, and dimentia…… never schizophrenia
Positive Schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms Delusions Delusions of reference involve the belief that common elements in the environment are directed toward the individual. Delusions of persecution involve the belief that the person is being deliberately interfered with, discriminated against, plotted against, or threatened. Delusions of grandeur involve the belief that the person is remarkable in some significant way, such as being an inventor, historical figure, or religious icon. Thought broadcasting: belief that one’s thoughts are broadcast directly from one’s head to the external world Thought insertion: the belief that thoughts are being placed in one’s head Hallucinations Disorganized thought word salad loosening of associations Neologisms
Negative Schizophrenia
Negative Symptoms Flat affect (emotional flattening) Inappropriate affect: affect is clearly discordant with the content of the individual’s speech Avolition is marked by decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-directed actions
Pre-Schizophrenia (prodomal phase)
Prodromal Phase Before schizophrenia is diagnosed, a patient often goes through a phase characterized by poor adjustment
Damage to Cerebellum:
Trauma to the cerebellum would produce the symptoms described…. uncoordinated muscle movement, and slurred speech (since muscles make you talk).
Neural Crest
Makes different tissues in body such as melanocytes, dorsal root ganglia, calcitonin producing cells.. and more!
Basal Plate
derived from base of neural tube. motor reflexes… bad formation makes you have paralysis
Alar Plate
derived from neural tube… bad formation makes you hypersensitive to pain
Anencephaly
The brain or skull is missing parts in its development… comes from neural tube defect.
Babinski Reflex
In a baby, the big toe comes up while the other toes spread while something is touching the sole of its foot. Not normal in an adult
Why test for reflexes in babies?
Why do doctors test primitive reflexes in infants? To conveniently check for neurological disorders. Reflexes can mark milestones for proper development. The reflexes generally disappear on a predictable schedule.
Dopamine
The “I like this” nt of the brain.
Penetrance
The showing of a gene that you have in your genome…. i.e . you may code for black hair, but if you have blonde or brown, than black hair gene had LOW penetrance.
Heritability
Heritability is the percent of variation in a population due to genetics.
Disinhibition
Disinhibition is a cognitive process that is associated with decision making
Hippocampus
The hippocampus plays a vital role in learning and memory processes; specifically, it helps consolidate information to form long-term memories, and can redistribute remote memories to the cerebral cortex. The hippocampus communicates with other portions of the limbic system through a long projection called the fornix.
Limbic System
The limbic system consists of a group of interconnected structures looping around the central portion of the brain and is primarily associated with emotion and memory. Its primary components include the septal nuclei, amygdala, and hippocampus.
Evolutionary Development facts
Problem solving is an advanced cortical function that evolved last. In evolutionary terms, the functions carried out by the hindbrain evolved first, and that development carried on through the midbrain. Together they form the brainstem, which is the most primitive region of the brain. The forebrain developed later, including the limbic system— a group of neural structures primarily associated with emotion and memory. Aggression, fear, pleasure, and pain are all related to the limbic system. The human brain can be divided into three basic subdivisions: the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain. Notice that brain structures associated with basic survival are located at the base of the brain and brain structures with more complex functions are located higher up. The meaningful connection between brain location and functional complexity is not accidental.
Layers of thy head (no mispellings :) )
Sympathetic Nervous System stuff
Dominant vs Nondominant Brain Hemisphere (MCAT assumes you are left brained)
Memory Tree
