IBD Flashcards
What are all the forms of IBD?
Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Microscopic ulcerative colitis Microscopic lymphatic colitis Microscopic collagenous colitis
What factors affect likelihood of developing IBD?
Genetics
Environmental susceptibility
Immune response
Which environmental factors are risk factors for IBD?
Smoking
NSAIDs
Good hygiene
Psychological stress
In what way is intestinal microbiota different in IBD?
Reduced diversity of gut flora
Decreased mucosal and chemical barrier
In what way is the immune response different in IBD?
Overactive mucosal immunological response
Leaky epithelium increases chance of immune response
Where does CD most commonly affect?
Terminal ileum and ascending colon
What is proctitis?
UC affecting the rectum alone
What is extensive colitis?
UC affecting the whole colon
What is backwash colitis?
UC with inflammation of the distal terminal ileum
What are the macroscopic changes in CD?
Involved bowel is thickened and often narrowed
Cobblestone appearance
Intra-abdominal fistulae and abscesses may be seen
What are the macroscopic changes in UC?
Mucosa is red, inflamed and friable
Severe disease may have extensive ulceration with pseudo-polyps
What are the microscopic changes in CD?
Transmural inflammation
Increase in inflammatory cells
Lymphoid hyperplasia
Granulomas in over half
What are the microscopic changes in UC?
Superficial inflammation
Chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate in the lamina propria
Crypt abscesses
Goblet cell depletion
What is the term for when it is not possible to distinguish between CD or UC?
Indeterminate colitis
What are the extraintestinal manifestations of IBD that can manifest in the eyes?
Uveitis
Episcleritis
Conjunctivitis
What are the extraintestinal manifestations of IBD that can manifest in the skin?
Erythema nodosum
Pyoderma gangrenosum
What are the extraintestinal manifestations of IBD that can manifest in the liver and biliary tree?
Sclerosing cholangitis Fatty liver Chronic hepatitis Cirrhosis Gallstones
How does microscopic colitis present?
Chronic or fluctuating watery diarrhoea
Describe microscopic ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate in the lamina propria
Deformed crypt architecture
Goblet cell depletion
Describe microscopic lymphocytic colitis
Surface epithelial cell injury
Prominent lymphocytic infiltration in surface epithelium
Increase in lamina propria mononuclear cells
Describe microscopic collagenous colitis
Thickened sub epithelial collagen later adjacent to basal membrane
Increased infiltration of the lamina propria with lymphocytes and plasma cells
Surface epithelium damage
What are the symptoms of CD?
Diarrhoea (+/- blood) Abdominal pain Weight loss and anorexia Malaise, lethargy Nausea and vomiting Low grade fever
What signs of CD can be seen on examination?
Weight loss Signs of malnutrition Aphthous ulceration Abdominal tenderness or iliac fossa mass occasionally Anal fissures or abscesses
What blood tests are done in suspected IBD?
FBC CRP/ESR LFTs Blood culture if septicaemia suspected Serology