Colonic Tumours Flashcards
What are the categories of colonic polyps?
Pedunculated
Sessile
Flat
Which polyposis syndromes are associated with adenomas?
FAP and Lynch syndrome
What features of a polyp increase the risk of an adenoma becoming malignant?
Larger than 1.5cm Sessile or flat Severe dysplasia Villous architecture Squamous metaplasia Multiple polyps
How can large adenomas present?
Profuse diarrhoea with mucus and hypokalaemia
What feature are sessile serrated adenomas characterised by?
Saw-tooth appearance of the crypt epithelium
What is Familial Adenomatous Polypsis?
An autosomal dominant condition characterised by the presence of hundreds to thousands of colorectal and duodenal polyps
Which gene mutation occurs in most families with FAP?
APC
What is Lynch syndrome?
An inherited condition where polyps are found in the colon which may progress to colon cancer
Which mutation causes Lynch syndrome?
DNA mismatch
Which side of the body do polyps mostly present on in Lynch syndrome?
Right side
What do hamartomatous polyps usually look like?
Large and stalked
What is an example of an inherited syndrome which causes hamartomatous polyps?
Peutz-Jeghers
What are the features of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
Mucocutaneous pigmentation
Polyps
Where do polyps most commonly occur in Peutz-Jeghers?
Small intestine but can be anywhere
What are the risk factors for colorectal carcinoma?
Smoking
IBD
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Lynch syndrome
