Histology

Question 1

What is the mucosa composed of?

Answer 1

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

Question 2

What is the lamina propria?

Answer 2

Loose connective tissue

Question 3

What is the muscular mucosae?

Answer 3

Thin layer of smooth mucle

Question 4

What are the layers of the GI tract wall?

Answer 4

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa/propria
Serosa or adventitia

Question 5

What is the submucosa?

Answer 5

Connective tissue

Question 6

What is the muscularis externa?

Answer 6

2 thick layers of muscle - inner circular and outer longitudinal

Question 7

When is the outer layer serosa and when is it adventitia?

Answer 7

Adventitia when the connective tissue surrounding the tract blends into other connective tissue
Serosa if the surface is free

Question 8

What is the difference between the serosa and adventitia?

Answer 8

Serosa (surface is free) will have a thin covering sheet of epithelium - mesothelium

Question 9

What is the oesophagus lined by?

Answer 9

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 10

What is the stomach to the anal canal lined by?

Answer 10

Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 11

What is different about the surface of the stomach?

Answer 11

Has gastric pits that end in gastric glands

Gastric glands contain parietal cells and chief cells

Question 12

What do parietal cells and chief cells produce?

Answer 12

Parietal - HCl and intrinsic factor

Chief - pepsinogen

Question 13

What is different about the surface of the whole small intestine?

Answer 13

Villi

Crypts of Leiberkuhn between villi

Question 14

What is only present in the duodenum, and what is its function?

Answer 14

Brunner’s glands - secrete alkaline mucus to help neutralise acidic chyme from the stomach

Question 15

Which cells are present in the villi of the small intestines, and what are their functions?

Answer 15

Goblet cells (mucus producing)
Enterocytes (absorptive cells)

Question 16

Which cells are present in the crypts of the small intestine, and what are their functions?

Answer 16

Paneth cells (produce bacteriostatic compounds)
Stem cells

Question 17

What is the structure of the wall of the colon?

Answer 17

Crypts

Enterocytes (absorptive) in epithelium

Question 18

What is the liver covered by?

Answer 18

Collagenous capsule with an outer covering of simple squamous epithelium - mesothelium

Question 19

What type of capillaries are sinusoids?

Answer 19

Discontinuous

Question 20

What is the space of Disse?

Answer 20

The space between sinusoids and hepatocytes

Question 21

What are found int he space of Disse?

Answer 21

Kuppfer cells (macrophages)
Stellate cells

Question 22

What are stellate cells?

Answer 22

Modified fibroblasts that store vitamin A

Question 23

What type of epithelial cells are cholangiocytes?

Answer 23

Cuboidal

Question 24

What is the structure of the gallbladder wall?

Answer 24

Simple columnar epithelium
Basal lamina
Loos connective tissue (lots of blood vessels and lymphatics)
Smooth muscle coat
Adventitia

Question 25

What is the structure of the pancreas?

Answer 25

Thin collagenous capsule that is continuous with the septa that breaks the pancreas into many lobules

Question 26

What type of cells is the pancreas mainly made up of?

Answer 26

Secretory epithelial cells

Question 27

Where are the islets of Langerhans found?

Answer 27

Pancreas - endocrine

Question 28

What type of gland is the exocrine component of the pancreas?

Answer 28

Acinar

Question 29

Does the endocrine pancreas have ducts?

Answer 29

No - secretes hormones into the bloodstream