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Biology > IB Bio semester 1 exam revision > Flashcards

IB Bio semester 1 exam revision Flashcards

necessary questions of case studies (not all content)

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1
Q

In situ conservation efforts

A
  1. rewilding (return or removal of species)
  2. national park establishment
  3. reclamation (replanting/resistablisment)
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2
Q

ex situ conservation efforts

A
  1. zoo breeding programs (artificial insemination)
  2. seed and tissue banks
  3. botanic gardens
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3
Q

adaptations of grass to sand dunes

A
  1. schlerenchyma tissue
  2. fructans in roots and leaves
  3. rolled leaves
  4. sunken stomata
  5. waxy cuticle on leaves
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4
Q

adaptations of trees to mangrove swamps

A
  1. mineral ions in roots
  2. pnuemenophores
  3. suberin coating on roots
  4. salt glands in leaves
  5. large buoyant seeds
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5
Q

conditions of coral

A

pH 7.8 or higher
< 50m below water level
salinity 32 - 42 ppt
temp 23-29 degrees
turbidity clear enough for light to come through

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6
Q

sagurg cactus adaptations to the dessert

A
  1. widespread and long roots
  2. stems have fat storage tissue and vertically orientated pleats
  3. leaves reduced to spines
  4. CAM metabolism
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7
Q

fennek fox adaptations to dessert

A
  1. large ears
  2. thick and light coloured coat
  3. noctournal and den building
  4. high water reabsorbtion, low urination
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8
Q

yellow meranti tree adaptation to rainforrest

A
  1. tall, hard, dense trunks
  2. broad oval leaves
  3. enzymes can function up to 35 degrees
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8
Q

spider monkey adaptations to rainforrest

A
  1. mobile shoulder and tail joints, long arms and legs
  2. sleep at night, awake during day
  3. development of larynx
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8
Q

adaptations of animals for herbivory

A

beetles
1. jaw like mouths
aphids
1. long tubular mouthpiece

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9
Q

adaptations against herbivory

A
  1. thorns or spines as leaves
  2. production of toxins (secondary metabolite) in leaves and seeds
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10
Q

adaptations for predation

A

bear
1. wait at top of stream for salmon
vampire bat
1. sharp long teeth good for piercing flesh
black mamba snake
1. neurotoxin to paralise prey

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11
Q

adaptations of prey to avoid predation

A
  1. camoflaged moths
  2. cinnabar moth caterpillar produces toxins
  3. schooling fish
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12
Q

plants to obtain light

A
  1. liana vines
  2. epiphytes
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13
Q

ecosystem sustainability measures

A
  1. # of biomes
  2. # of habitat types
  3. % covered by type
  4. % loss of ecosystem
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14
Q

species sustainability measures

A

species richness - # in habitat
species evenness - % of each species
number of endangered species
change in ranges of species

simpson’s diversity index

15
Q

genetic diversity measures

A

phenotypic variation
genome sequencing
high genetic disease

16
Q

North Island Giant Moas

A

extinct in New Zealand 500 - 1,000 years ago overhunted by humans for food

17
Q

Carribean Monk Seal

A

extinct in the carribbean 50 - 100 years ago, overhunted for oil lamps

18
Q

dipterocarp forrest

A

ongoing dramatic ecosystem loss of forest coverage due to logging for timber and clerance for palm oil plantations

19
Q

fox in autralia

A

invasive specias brought over and specifically evolved plants/animals can’t cope

20
Q

EDGE of existance prioroties

A

evolutionarily distinct
globally endangerred

21
Q

rhizobium bacteria and nodules of plant roots

mutualistic relationships

A

bacteria
1. sugar from plant photosynthesising
2. shelter/protection from consumers
plant
1. bacteria take nitrogen from atmosphere and fix into usable forms for plants to use

22
Q

mycorrhizae fungi and orchid roots

mutualistic relationships

A

fungi
1. sugar from plant photosynthesising
orchid
1. fungi help absorb, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon compounds for better water absobtion (osmotic pressure)

23
Q

zooxanthallae algae and coral polyp

A

algae
1. home, protection from predators, Co2 from coral, close to light for photosynthesis
coral polyp
1. carbon compounds form algae photosynthesysing

24
Q

HW requirements for genetic equalibrium

A
  1. no gene flow (imigration or emigration)
  2. large population size
  3. random mating
  4. no new mutations that create new alleles/phenotypes
  5. no survival advantage
25
Q

requirements for a sustainable ecosystem

A
  1. nutrient recycling
  2. sufficient energy for all organisms
  3. high genetic diversity in species to avoid exctinction (particularly of keystone species)
26
Q

amazon rainforest sustainability

A
  1. has its own water cycle that is sustainable (from transpiration)
  2. deforrestation is removing plants and reducing transpiration distrupting the water cycle so the temperatures rise and rainfall decreases
  3. consequently plants die, fires start and the forrest becomes a grassland (tipping point)
27
Q

black cherry trees sustainability

A
  • sought after for furniature
  • clear cutting nearly caused extinction
  • have since been replaced with regulation
  • selective logging now in place
28
Q

chilean sea bass sustainability

A
  • discouvered in tourists then highly saught after
  • longline fishing used and overfishing decreased pop size
  • now regulations in place for amount and fishing technique
29
Q

examples of humans preventing sucession from leading to a climax communityh

A
  1. overgrazing of livestock prevents a grassland from becoming a forrest
  2. draining of wetlands stops it from becoming a peat bog
30
Q

example of a tipping point

A

boreal forrest
- less snow in winter
- insufficient water causes drought
- trees die and create fires
- plantlife dies and decomposers more active
- inreased cellular respiration
-tipping point reached ans sink becomes source

31
Q

emperor penguins impact of climate change

A

landfast cice melting
less safe for breeding
chicks not mature enough when ice melts

32
Q

walruses and impact of climate change

A

melting of sea ice
no ice plantforms so they live on land
too far to travel for food
exhauses frmo travelling and leave young unattended getting food

33
Q

phenology

A

the research of the timing of biological events

34
Q

allelopathy

A

the release of chemicals into the environment that impacts another organism, often negatively, providing a competative advantage

35
Q

antibiotics

A

a secondary metabolite released by organisms to kill bacteria

Biology (12 decks)

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