B2 form and function of cells

Question 1

integral protein

definition

Answer 1

protein embedded through the whole plasma membrane due to their amphipathic nature

Question 2

peripheral protein

definition

Answer 2

proteins bound to the inner or outer surface of the membreane or integral protein

Question 3

cholesterol

definition

Answer 3

a chain of steroid lipids that sit in the hydrophobic regions of animal cell membranes

Question 4

glycoprotein

definition

Answer 4

carbohydrate attached to a protein

Question 5

glycolipid

definition

Answer 5

carbohydrate attached to a lipid

Question 6

junction membrane protein

definition/function

Answer 6

joins two cells together

Question 7

enzyme membrane protein

definition/function

Answer 7

catalyse metabolic reactions

Question 8

transport membrane protein

definition/function

Answer 8

faccilitated diffusion, osmosis and active transport

Question 9

recignition membrane protein

definition/function

Answer 9

glycoproteins, markers for cell identification

Question 10

anchoring membrane proteins

definition/function

Answer 10

attachment site for cytoskeleton

Question 11

transduction membrane protein

definition/function

Answer 11

receptors for hormones and other signalling molecules

Question 12

what happens to plasma membranes in cold environments

Answer 12

condensing of phospholipids reduces membrane fluidity

Question 13

solution to cold environments for plant plasma membranes

Answer 13

unsaturated fats to preserve distance

Question 14

solutions to cold environments for animal plasma membranes

Answer 14

unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol preserve distance

Question 15

what happens to a plasma mambrane under hot conditions

Answer 15

expands and can lyse/burts

Question 16

solutions for plant plasma membranes in hot environments

Answer 16

more saturated fats for denser phospholipids and higher melting points

Question 17

solutions for animal plasma membranes in hot environments

Answer 17

cholesterol to connect and reduce space between phospholipids

Question 18

simple diffusion

definition

Answer 18

particles move through the phospholipid bilayer from high concentration to low concentration

Question 19

simple diffusion moves what molecules

Answer 19

fast: small, non-polar
slowly: small and polar

Question 20

facilitated diffusion

definition

Answer 20

particles move from high concentration to low concentration through a protein channel or carrier protein

Question 21

protein channel moves what particles

Answer 21

small charged/polar things

Question 22

carrier protein moves what molecules

Answer 22

larger polar/non-polar things

Question 23

osmosis

definition

Answer 23

movement of water form a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water through the plasma membrane or aquaporins

Question 24

protein pump is used for

Answer 24

moving any particle from alow concentration to a high concentration

Question 25

properties of passive transport

Answer 25

• movement from high concentration to low concentration
• down or with the concentration gradient
• NO energy required

Question 26

types of passive transport

Answer 26

1. simple diffusion
2. facilitated diffusion
3. osmosis

Question 27

properties of active transport

Answer 27

• from a low concentration to high concentration
• up or against the concentration gradient
• requires energy (ATP)

Question 28

types of active transport

Answer 28

1. protein pumps
2. endo/exocytosis

Question 29

hypertonic environment

definition

Answer 29

an aqueous solution with a higher solute concentration than other (the cell cytoplasm)

Question 30

hypotonic envirionment

definition

Answer 30

an aqeous solution with a lower solute concentration compared to another (the cell cytoplasm)

Question 31

isotonic environment

definition

Answer 31

when two solutions have the same solute concentration (intra and extracellular environment)

Question 32

endocytosis

definition

Answer 32

materials enter the cell by pushing through the plasma membrane, creating a vessicle

type of active transport