C4 interaction and interdependence of ecosystems Flashcards
population
interacting groups of organisms of the same species living in an area that can successfully interbreed
population size
the number of individuals of the same species living in that area at that time
random sampling
when the zone/area that a sample is taken from is chosen without using a predictive pattern
sampling error
the difference between the estimated population size from the random sample and the population size in actuality
quadrat sampling
used for random samples of sessile immobile organisms, all organisms completely within the quadrat are counted
standard deviation
what does it tell us?
if the standard deviation is small then the data set was not very spread out
if the standard deviation is large then the data set was very spread out
why would you use the capture mark release recapture method of sampling
when animals are mobile and can leave the quadrat, if most of the recaptured organisms are marked then the population is small
what is the lincoln index used for
to estimate the size of a population, can be used with the capture recapture method
carrying capacity
the maximum number of organisms that an environnment can consistently meet the needs of
limiting factor
any aspect or event in a habitat that prevents a population from continuing to grow larger as it is in finita availiability but needed by many individuals
density dependant factor
factors that have increasing effectws as the population becomes larger, they are the basis for negative feedback mechanisms
density independent factor
factors that have the same effect on organisms regardless fo the population size
factors of an exponential growth curve
- positive feedback scenario
- both the size and rate of growth continually increase due to abundant resources
- impacted by density independant factors e.g natural disaster or climate change
factors of a sigmond growth curve
- has aan exponential, transotional and plateau phase
- population grows rapidly unitl it stabalises at the carrying capacity due to limited resources
- impacted by both density dependant and independant factors
hebivory
an interspecific relationship that incolves a primary consumer feeding on preducers
(interspecific)
predation
interspecific relaionship where one consumer species kills and eats another
(interspecific)
mutualism
a type of symbiotic relationship where thwo species both benefit from the interaction
(interspecific)
parasitism
a symbiotic relationship where the parasite species benefits to the detriment of the host
(interspecific)
pathenogenicity
where one organism causes a disease to antother (not symbiotic as it’s not an ongoing relationship)
(interspecific)
endemic species
a species naturally found in that area (population size is maintained by density dependent factors)
invasive species
species that sucessfully survive in a non-native environment and do not have a natural predaotor there
cooperation
behaviors that benefits all members and is seen in more complex social animals e.g. huddling for warmth
(intraspecific relaitonship)
competition
when species or individuals live in the same niche and compete for limited resources. Either some die or competitive exclusion principle and niche partitioning occurs
(interpecific and intraspecific relationship)
rhizobium bacteria grow in nidules in plant roots
examples of mutualsim
bacteria - sugar from plant photosynthesising and shelter/protection form consumers on roots
plant - bacteria take nitrogen form atmosphere and fix it into ammonium and nitrates that plants can use (usable nitrogen for proteins)
