IAH corrections Flashcards
What are the most important factors in promoting periodontitis ?
age
smoking
plaque
What are the histological change do you see in a lymphocytic infiltrate ?
densely staining cells with no shape or boundary
What is the evidence that MMPs mediate tissue destruction in periodontitis ?
MMP inhibitor is doxycline is used as an adjunct in periodontitis
What are 2 examples of emerging human pathogens ?
ebola and HIV
What are 2 examples of reemerging human pathogens ?
measles and TB
What are two pathogens that have been eradicated ?
small pox and polio
Which pathogen lives in burns and causes cystic fibrosis ?
pseudomonas aureginosa
What is the location of the majority of human disease due to mucosal infection ?
lungs
What is the mode of action of AMPs ?
they are amphipathic- insert into cell membranes
Identify 2 molecules that stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis ?
chemokines
complement
How is haematopoiesis regulated ?
by bone marrow stromal cells
by cytokines
What are the 3 major haemoatopoietic lineages ?
myeloid
eryhtroid
lymphoid
Which tissue of the mucosal immune system provides prtoection in the mouth ?
salivary glands
What is the appearance of monocytes ?
kidney bean shaped nucleus
What are the 4 consequences of innate signalling ?
initiation of the adaptive immunity neurophil chemotaixis acute phase response IFN response cytokine release
Give an example of NOD receptor ?
mannose binding lectin
Give an example of a endosomal PRR ?
TLR3
What are the 2 ways that immune response is dyanamic ?
spatai changes
improves
What are some generla host factors that increase suscpetibility to infections ?
age nutrtion chronic diseases drugs smoking
What happens to the level of microbes with adaptive immunity ?
it is contained by the innate immunity but then increases
What determines the baalcne in the Th1/Th2 in an infection ?
amount of peptide
cytokine environment
What are the 5 signs of inflammation ?
heat redness swelling pain - loss of fucntion
What does oedema contribute to /
swelling and pain
What are some environmentla agents leading to inflammation ?
ionising radition
heat
cold
acid
What are consequences of chronic inflammation ?
fibrosis
tissue destruction
What is the role of CRP in the acute phase response ?
opsinisation
complemnt fixation
How doe strep pneumoniae evade the immune system ?
having a large number of serotypes that differ in their capsualr polysaccharide
What are some social/demographic factors that influence the spread of diseases ?
war
migration
globalisation
poverty
What are antigenic drift outbreaks like ?
limited
seasonal variation
cocnentrated
different subpopualtions have different immunity