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BDS stage 2 > Behavioural Science for dentists > Flashcards

Behavioural Science for dentists Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scientist practitioner model ?

A

integration of clinics and research so they can dictate each other
using methods to test out different interventions

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2
Q

What is the medical model of care ?

A

dominant
diagnosis and treatment of the focus disease
signs and symptoms are resolved with treatment

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3
Q

What is teh biopsychosocial model ?

A

patient recovery is due to a number of factors not just medical
social, biological and psychological factors

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4
Q

What are social factors in the biopsychosocial model ?

A 
family
cultural 
habits 
beliefs 
finance/social class
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5
Q

What are psychological factors in the biopsychosocial model ?

A

thoughts
nehaviours
attitudes
beliefs

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6
Q

What are biological factors in the biopsychosocial model ?

A

medication

infection etc

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7
Q

What is the relevance of behavioural science ?

A

differences in communication style can dictate complaints, dentlal anxiety and behaviour

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8
Q

What are the comp;ications with fearful people ?

A

likely to have poor oral health
no show
treatment with sedation which is expensive and rsiky and does not solve the problem

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9
Q

What is self efficacy ?

A

a persons confidence in their ability to carry out a behaviour

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10
Q

What is the implementation intention theory ?

A

likelihood of a person performing a behaviour is increased by making an implicit behaviour plan

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11
Q

What is exhibited in burnout ?

A

exhaustion-emotional and physical
combination of environemtnal and internal stressors
negative attitude to job, low self esteem etc

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12
Q

What are the 4 challenges leading to burnout ?

A

dealing with anxious patients
making complex decsions
difficult postures
time pressures

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13
Q

What is fear ?

A

an emotion now
danger and urge to fight or escape
physical response is fight or flight

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14
Q

What is anxiety ?

A

an emotion
associated with anticipation of danger
in the future
urge to avoid

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15
Q

What is pain ?

A

unpleasant sensroy experience assocaited wit actual or potential tisseu damage
can be increased by distress

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16
Q

What is behaviour learning theory ?

A

classic conditioning
2 things that always occur together become linked
pavlovs dogs
the dentist and unpleasant feelings are linked

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17
Q

What is a stimulus ?

A

exerts a particular response

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18
Q

What is a neutral stimulus ?

A

something that has no effect goes to becoming a conditioned stimulus

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19
Q

What is generalisation ?

A

conditioned response can be triggered by other similar stimuli

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20
Q

What are the dental implications of classic condtioning ?

A

patients may react with fear to the features of the dental environment
elements may resemble past abuse

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21
Q

What is operant conditioning ?

A

behaviour and emotions are foten linked
are we reinforcing appraoch behaviour or avoidance behaviour
behaviour is shaped by what happens imemdiately after

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22
Q

What is positive reinforcement ?

A

a behaviour is followed by a rewarding outcome

eg. getting canfy for getting an A

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23
Q

What is negative reinforcement ?

A

behaviour is followed by cessation of an unwanted experience
eg. eat brocolli and i will stop shoutung at you

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24
Q

What is punishment ?

A

a behaviour followed by an unwanted experience

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25
Q

What is extinction ?

A

a behaviour is followed by no rewarding outcome and eventually stops

26
Q

What does stopping reinforcement lead to ?

A

fast exticntion

27
Q

What is the cognitive model ?

A

thinking thoughts more likely to feel it

thinking anxious thoughts you are more likely to feel it

28
Q

What are the implications of escape ?

A

if they escape then they have no idea if the worst would have happened or not

29
Q

What is vicarious leaning ?

A

learning through the experiences of someone else
eg, observations, hearing, picking up
eg. siblings in the room

30
Q

What does the 5 areas model do ?

A

splits up our experience into thoughts, behaviors, emotional feelings and physical - they are linked

31
Q

How can we apply the 5 areas model ?

A

by making 1 or 2 small changes over time

little changes over time make a big difference

32
Q

How does dental fear come about ?

A

traumatic dental experiences
pain
vicarious experience

33
Q

What is the cycle of dental fear ?

A

dental fear leads to delayed visiting
dental problems
symptom driven treatment

34
Q

What is the fight or flight response ?

A 
triggered by potential danger 
cortisol and adrenaline release 
fast breathing and HR 
hot and sweaty
fumbling and nausea
35
Q

How can we minimise fear ?

A

paying attention to factors that present as a conditioned stimulus

36
Q

What is systematic desensitisation ?

A

fear can be treated by exposure to factors that present as conditioned stimuli - patient sees nothing wrong and fear reduces

37
Q

What are cognitive principles ?

A

help patients understand what is happening in theri treatment
ask and address concerns
normalise reactions

38
Q

What are recommendations for mild forms of anxiety ?

A

general anxiety reducing style
acknowledge anxiety
assure patient nothing will happen against will
distraction and relaxation

39
Q

What are recommendations for specific phobia ?

A

construct a hierarchy and work through each level with patient tolerance

40
Q

What are recommendations for high treatment needs ?

A

IV or General sedation

but the patient wont progress with ther fear

41
Q

How can we address psychosocial aspects ?

A

keep calm
signalling
let them know it is due to fight/flight response
breathe 7 in 11 out

42
Q

How can we address social aspects ?

A

treat with respect and without judgement

43
Q

What can pain be influenced by ?

A 
situation 
interpersonal factors 
previous experience 
temperament 
response
44
Q

How can we address pain ?

A

anxiety management principles

45
Q

What are behaviour changes that dental professonals are intersted in ?

A

cleaning teeth
attending routine check up
diet and smoking
general health

46
Q

What is the assumed model of communication ?

A

we give accurate information about the risk and impact of current behaviour
patient understands and this leads to appropriate behaviour change

47
Q

What is required for change ?

A

an intetntion

48
Q

What does intention depend on ?

A

whether we are confident

49
Q

What happens after intetnion ?

A

we need the ability to translate into new behaviours

50
Q

What does the self efficacy theory state ?

A

a change in behaviour is predicted by the ability of the person to carry out the behaviour

51
Q

How can we change confidence ?

A

experience
observations
persuasion
feeling good after

52
Q

What can affect intention ?

A

attitude
subjective norm
normal beliefs

53
Q

What is the intention behaviour gap ?

A

we intend something doesnt always lead to behaviour

54
Q

What are 2 stages of changing ?

A

motivational phase- leads to intetnion and wanting to change
volitional phase- going ahead and doing it

55
Q

What is volitional phase affected by ?

A

maintenance of self efficacy

56
Q

What are the stages of the change model ?

A 
pre contemplation 
contemplation
planning 
action 
maintenance
57
Q

What is motivational interviewing ?

A

to motivate someone
develop a guiding style
ask about pros and cons
allow consultation to be patient led

58
Q

How to design an intervention phase ?

A

define problems
target behaviours
specify the behaviour
identify what needs to change

59
Q

What are the factors of the behaviour change wheel ?

A

capability - physical
motivation - do they think its important
opportunity - provide opportunities

60
Q

What is behaviour learning theory ?

A

behaviour is affected by stimuli and reinforcement

61
Q

What is classical conditioning ?

A

a stimuli can become conditioned to produce a particular response

62
Q

What is the difference between operant and classical conditioning ?

A

operant conditioning states that behaviours are performed based on what happens after that behaviour

classical conditioning states that behaviour is determiend by stimuli that have been conditioned to produce a certain response

BDS stage 2 (28 decks)

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