Hypertension Flashcards
1
Q
Hypertension can be classified as a BP over?
A
140/90 mmHg
2
Q
Hypertension is a risk factor for?
A
- cerebral haemorrhage
- atheroma
- renal failure
- sudden cardiac death
3
Q
How is hypertension classified?
A
- cause ( primary or secondary)
- consequence (benign or malignant)
4
Q
How is blood pressure calculated
A
= CO X SVR
5
Q
What factors effect cardiac output?
A
- heart rate
- contractility
- blood volume
6
Q
What factors effect peripheral resistance?
A
- vasoconstrictors (angiotensin II or catecholamines)
- vasodilators (nitric oxide or prostaglandins)
7
Q
Explain the RAAS?
A
- renin released from kidneys
- angiotensinogen converted to angiotensin I
- ACE converts to angiotensin II
- Vasoconstrictor properties & release of aldosterone
- salt and water retention
8
Q
What is salt sensitive hypertension?
A
- can be a primary cause of hypertension
- increase in dietary salt intake leads to increase in BP
- Controlled by reduced salt diet
9
Q
What is secondary hypertension? name some examples
A
- underlying disease is implicated
- e.g. renal disease, endocrine disease aortic disease
10
Q
How does renal disease cause hypertension?
A
- reduced renal blood flow
- excess renin release
- salt and water overload
- increases BP
11
Q
Examples of endocrine diseases that can cause hypertension?
A
- Conn’s syndrome
- Cushings syndrome
- pheochromocytoma
12
Q
What is the effect of Conn’s syndrome?
A
- excess aldosterone
13
Q
What is the effect of Cushings syndrome?
A
- excess corticosteroid
14
Q
What is benign hypertension?
A
- serious life theratening morbidity
- asymptomatic
15
Q
What can benign hypertension cause?
A
- as it is asymptomatic it can go a long period undetected
- may lead to left ventricular hypertrophy
- renal disease
- cardiac failure
