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Cardiovascular > Control of arterial blood pressure > Flashcards

Control of arterial blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

Define blood pressure

A

The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the blood vessel walls

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2
Q

Define systolic arterial blood pressure

A

Pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the aorta and systemic arteries when the heart contacts

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3
Q

Define diastolic arterial blood pressure

A

Pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the aorta and systmic arteries when the heart relaxes

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4
Q

What are the ranges for clinical hypertension?

A

Blood pressure that exceeds 140/90mmHg

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5
Q

Equation to calculated MAP

  • 3 equations
A

MAP= [(2xdiastolic) + systolic] / 3

MAP = diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure

MAP = CO X SVR

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6
Q

What are baroreceptors?

A

Sensitive to changes in blood pressure

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7
Q

Where are the baroreceptors located

A
  • aortic arch

- carotid sinus

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8
Q

What happens to the firing rate of baroreceptors if MAP decreases?

A

Rate of firing also decreases

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9
Q

______ is responsible for activting a high MAP

a) parasympathetic
b) sympathetic

A

b) sympathetic

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10
Q

What is postural hypotension?

A

Results from failure of baroreceptor response to gravitational shifts in blood, when moving from horizontal to vertical position

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11
Q

Natural way to control MAP

A
  • altering the volumes of extracellular fluids
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12
Q

What 3 hormones are responsible for extracellular fluids?

A
  • Renin- Angiotensin- Aldosterone - System (RAAS)
  • Naturetic Peptides (NPs)
  • Antidiuretic Hormones (ADH)
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13
Q

Explain the process and effect of Renin- Angiotensin - Aldosterone - System

A
  • Renin formed by kidneys
  • formation of angiotensin 1
  • converted into angiotensin 2
  • stimulates release of aldosterone
  • causes vasoconstriction
  • increases SVR
  • increases thirst
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14
Q

Explain the process and effect of natriutetic peptides

A
  • synthesised by the heart
  • released in response to cardiac distension
  • excretion of salt and water
  • decreases blood pressure
  • causes vasodilation
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15
Q

Explain the process and effect of antidiuretic hormone

A
  • synthesised in the hypothalamus
  • stimulated by reduction in extracellular fluid
  • increases reabsorption of water
  • increases blood pressure
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16
Q

Define pulse pressure?

A
  • the difference between systolic and diastolic values
17
Q

What is the normal range for pulse pressure?

A
  • 30-50mmHg
18
Q

What is the 1st korotkoff sound?

A
  • systolic BP
19
Q

What korotkoff sound represents diastolic BP?

A
  • 5th korotkoff sound
20
Q

Explain the Renin Angiotensin Aldestorne system in terms of regulating blood pressure

A
  • Renin released from the kidneys
  • combines with angiotensionogen
  • forms angiotensin 1
  • angiotesin 1 convereted by ACE to angiotensin 2
  • angiotensin 2 causes vasoconstriction, increased thirst and increased ADH, and production of aldeosterone
  • aldosterone causes water and salt retention
21
Q

What does the Naturitc peptides do?

A
  • decreases MAP

- Excretion of water and salts

22
Q

What does Antidiuretic Hormone do?

A
  • increases MAP

- Increases absorption of water and salts

23
Q

What are the 3 hormones that influence extracellular fluid and thus the blood pressure?

A
  • ADH
  • RAAS
  • NPs
24
Q

What regulates systemic vasular resistance?

A
  • arterial smooth muscle
25
Q

What is the main site of SVR?

A
  • Arterioles
26
Q

what is the equation for resistance?

A

restance is proportional to blood viscosity and blood vessel length
inversely proportion to radius of blood vessel to the power of 4

27
Q

What autonomic nervous system plays a part in the svr?

A
  • sympathetic
  • noradrenaline
    a1 receptor
28
Q

What are the 2 different affects can adrenaline have?

A
  • a receptor –> vasoconstriction

- b receptor –> vasodilation

29
Q

What cause relaxation of arterial smooth muscle?

A
  • histamine
  • bradykinnin
  • nitric oxide
30
Q

What causes vasoconstriction of arterial smooth muscle intrinsically?

A
  • endothelin

- serotonin

31
Q

What creates a pressure gradient for venous return?

A
  • inspiration
  • decreased intrathoracic pressure
  • increased intrabdominal pressure

Cardiovascular (26 decks)

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