Cardio drugs

Question 1

What effect do diuretics have?

Answer 1

• block Na reabsorption by kidneys

- cause you to pass more sodium water in your urine

Question 2

Name a diuretic drug?

Answer 2

Bendrofluazide

Question 3

What are diuretics used in?

Answer 3

• hypertension

- mild heart failure

Question 4

Side effects of diuretics?

Answer 4

• Hypokalaemia
• Tiredness
• Hyperglycaemia
• Impotence

Question 5

2 different types of beta blockers and a named drug for each?

Answer 5

Selective - atenolol

Non-selective - propranolol

Question 6

How do beta blockers work?

Answer 6

block b1/b2 adrenoceptors
slows heart rate
decreases workload on the heart

Question 7

What are beta blockers used in?

Answer 7

• angina
• hypertension
• MI

Question 8

Side effects of beta blockers?

Answer 8

• never use in established asthma - bronchospasms
• tired
• cold peripheries

Question 9

What are the effect of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 9

• block the entry of calcium into vascular smooth muscle
• vasodilation
• reduces heart rate

Question 10

Name 2 different calcium channel blockers

Answer 10

Dihydropyridines - amlodipine

Rate limiting - Verapamil

Question 11

What are calcium channel blockers used in?

Answer 11

• hypertension

Question 12

Side effects of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 12

• Ankle oedema

- headaches and flushing

Question 13

What effects do alpha blockers have?

Answer 13

• block alpha adrenoceptors to cause vasodilation

Question 14

Name an alpha blocker drug?

Answer 14

• doxazosin

Question 15

Uses of alpha blocker drugs?

Answer 15

• hypertension

- prostatic hypertophy

Question 16

Side effects of alpha blockers?

Answer 16

• postural hypotension

Question 17

Effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)

Answer 17

• Block angiotensin I becoming angiotension II

- Angiotension II is a vasoconstrictor, therefore it dilates

Question 18

Name an ACE inhibitor

Answer 18

Lisinopril

Ramipril

Question 19

Side effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 19

• cough

- renal dysfunction

Question 20

Uses of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 20

• hypertension
• heart failure
• long term treatment of MI

Question 21

Effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

Answer 21

• block angiotensin II receptors
• reduces BP
• Does not inhibit the metabolism of bradykinin

Question 22

Name of an ARBs

Answer 22

• losartan

- valsartan

Question 23

Uses of ARBs

Answer 23

• hypertension

- ACE intolerances

Question 24

Effect of nitrates

Answer 24

• venodilators

- relax all types of smooth muscle

Question 25

Name of a nitrate drug

Answer 25

- Glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) | - Isosobide

Question 26

Uses of nitrates

Answer 26

- Angina - Acute heart failure - short term * administered sublingually

Question 27

Side effects of nitrates?

Answer 27

- headaches | - collapse

Question 28

Effect of antiplatelet agents

Answer 28

- prevent new thrombosis | - prevents platelets sticking together

Question 29

Name of an antiplatelet drug?

Answer 29

- asprin | - clopidogrel

Question 30

Use of antiplatelet drugs

Answer 30

- angina - acute MI - Patients at high risk of MI

Question 31

Side effects of antiplatelet drugs

Answer 31

- haemorrhage anywhere | - peptic ulcers

Question 32

Effects of anticoagulants

Answer 32

- prevents new thrombosis

Question 33

Name of an anticoagulant drug

Answer 33

- Heparin | - Warfrin

Question 34

Side effects of anticoagulant drugs

Answer 34

- haemorrhage anywhere | - reversed by vitamin K

Question 35

Effect of fibrinolytic drugs

Answer 35

- dissolve formed clot

Question 36

Name a fibrinolytic drug

Answer 36

- streptokinase

Question 37

Use of fibrinolytic drugs

Answer 37

- STEMI - PE - CVA

Question 38

Risk factors of fibrinolytic drugs

Answer 38

- haemorrhage | - avoid in recent haemorrhages and trauma

Question 39

Effect of potassium channel openers

Answer 39

- cause hyperpolarisation switch of L-type Ca channels

Question 40

Name of a potassium channel opener drug

Answer 40

Minoxidil

Question 41

Uses of potassium channel opener drugs

Answer 41

- sever hypertension

Question 42

Side effects of potassium channel openers

Answer 42

- reflex tachycardia | - water retention

Question 43

Effect of anticholesterol drugs

Answer 43

- block HMG CoA reductase

Question 44

Name of an anticholesterol drug (statin)

Answer 44

- simvastatin | - atovastatin

Question 45

Uses of statins

Answer 45

- hypercholesterolemia - angina/ MI - CVA

Question 46

Side effects of statins

Answer 46

- myopathy rhabdomyolysis (muscles break down --> renal failure) - avoid in pregnancy acquired hypertension

Question 47

Effect of digoxin

Answer 47

- blocks AV conduction - stimulates vagal activity on heart - decreases heart rate

Question 48

Use of digoxin

Answer 48

- AF | - Heart failure

Question 49

Side effects of digoxin

Answer 49

- heart rate may fall too low - bradycardia - toxic - nausea - ventricular arrhythmias

Question 50

Effect of morphine

Answer 50

- vasodilator properties

Question 51

Use of morphine

Answer 51

- pain relief | - reduces tachycardia caused by MI