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Cardiovascular > Cardio drugs > Flashcards

Cardio drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What effect do diuretics have?

A
  • block Na reabsorption by kidneys

- cause you to pass more sodium water in your urine

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2
Q

Name a diuretic drug?

A

Bendrofluazide

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3
Q

What are diuretics used in?

A
  • hypertension

- mild heart failure

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4
Q

Side effects of diuretics?

A
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Tiredness
  • Hyperglycaemia
  • Impotence
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5
Q

2 different types of beta blockers and a named drug for each?

A

Selective - atenolol

Non-selective - propranolol

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6
Q

How do beta blockers work?

A

block b1/b2 adrenoceptors
slows heart rate
decreases workload on the heart

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7
Q

What are beta blockers used in?

A
  • angina
  • hypertension
  • MI
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8
Q

Side effects of beta blockers?

A
  • never use in established asthma - bronchospasms
  • tired
  • cold peripheries
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9
Q

What are the effect of calcium channel blockers?

A
  • block the entry of calcium into vascular smooth muscle
  • vasodilation
  • reduces heart rate
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10
Q

Name 2 different calcium channel blockers

A

Dihydropyridines - amlodipine

Rate limiting - Verapamil

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11
Q

What are calcium channel blockers used in?

A
  • hypertension
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12
Q

Side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A
  • Ankle oedema

- headaches and flushing

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13
Q

What effects do alpha blockers have?

A
  • block alpha adrenoceptors to cause vasodilation
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14
Q

Name an alpha blocker drug?

A
  • doxazosin
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15
Q

Uses of alpha blocker drugs?

A
  • hypertension

- prostatic hypertophy

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16
Q

Side effects of alpha blockers?

A
  • postural hypotension
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17
Q

Effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)

A
  • Block angiotensin I becoming angiotension II

- Angiotension II is a vasoconstrictor, therefore it dilates

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18
Q

Name an ACE inhibitor

A

Lisinopril

Ramipril

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19
Q

Side effects of ACE inhibitors

A
  • cough

- renal dysfunction

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20
Q

Uses of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • hypertension
  • heart failure
  • long term treatment of MI
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21
Q

Effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

A
  • block angiotensin II receptors
  • reduces BP
  • Does not inhibit the metabolism of bradykinin
22
Q

Name of an ARBs

A
  • losartan

- valsartan

23
Q

Uses of ARBs

A
  • hypertension

- ACE intolerances

24
Q

Effect of nitrates

A
  • venodilators

- relax all types of smooth muscle

25
Q

Name of a nitrate drug

A
  • Glyceryltrinitrate (GTN)

- Isosobide

26
Q

Uses of nitrates

A
  • Angina
  • Acute heart failure
  • short term
  • administered sublingually
27
Q

Side effects of nitrates?

A
  • headaches

- collapse

28
Q

Effect of antiplatelet agents

A
  • prevent new thrombosis

- prevents platelets sticking together

29
Q

Name of an antiplatelet drug?

A
  • asprin

- clopidogrel

30
Q

Use of antiplatelet drugs

A
  • angina
  • acute MI
  • Patients at high risk of MI
31
Q

Side effects of antiplatelet drugs

A
  • haemorrhage anywhere

- peptic ulcers

32
Q

Effects of anticoagulants

A
  • prevents new thrombosis
33
Q

Name of an anticoagulant drug

A
  • Heparin

- Warfrin

34
Q

Side effects of anticoagulant drugs

A
  • haemorrhage anywhere

- reversed by vitamin K

35
Q

Effect of fibrinolytic drugs

A
  • dissolve formed clot
36
Q

Name a fibrinolytic drug

A
  • streptokinase
37
Q

Use of fibrinolytic drugs

A
  • STEMI
  • PE
  • CVA
38
Q

Risk factors of fibrinolytic drugs

A
  • haemorrhage

- avoid in recent haemorrhages and trauma

39
Q

Effect of potassium channel openers

A
  • cause hyperpolarisation switch of L-type Ca channels
40
Q

Name of a potassium channel opener drug

A

Minoxidil

41
Q

Uses of potassium channel opener drugs

A
  • sever hypertension
42
Q

Side effects of potassium channel openers

A
  • reflex tachycardia

- water retention

43
Q

Effect of anticholesterol drugs

A
  • block HMG CoA reductase
44
Q

Name of an anticholesterol drug (statin)

A
  • simvastatin

- atovastatin

45
Q

Uses of statins

A
  • hypercholesterolemia
  • angina/ MI
  • CVA
46
Q

Side effects of statins

A
  • myopathy rhabdomyolysis (muscles break down –> renal failure)
  • avoid in pregnancy acquired hypertension
47
Q

Effect of digoxin

A
  • blocks AV conduction
  • stimulates vagal activity on heart
  • decreases heart rate
48
Q

Use of digoxin

A
  • AF

- Heart failure

49
Q

Side effects of digoxin

A
  • heart rate may fall too low - bradycardia
  • toxic
  • nausea
  • ventricular arrhythmias
50
Q

Effect of morphine

A
  • vasodilator properties
51
Q

Use of morphine

A
  • pain relief

- reduces tachycardia caused by MI

Cardiovascular (26 decks)

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