Heart failue Flashcards
Explain impairment of left ventricular filling?
- LV fills during diastole
- without proper LV relaxation, the volume of blood is reduced
- stroke volume reduced
Explain impaired ejection of blood?
- LV wall damage
- reduced ability to pump
What is the normal ejection fraction
> 50-55%
What is the aetiology of heart failure?
- cornoary heart disease
- hypertension
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- valve disease
- arrythmias
What does HFrEF mean?
- heart failure REDUCED ejection fraction
- heart doesnt pump to the same force
What does HFpEF mean?
- hear failure PRESERVED ejection fraction
- LV doesnt fill to its normal value, therefore it has reduced filling and ejection
What type of heart failure is more common in women?
- HFpEF
What are the classical symptoms of heart failure?
- SOB
- ankle swelling
- orthoponea
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
- reduced exercise tolerance
What are clinical signs of fluid overload?
- raised JVP
- rales or crackles in lungs
- S3 & S4 heard
- oedema
What is the gold standard for diagnosing heart failure?
- echocardiogram
What is the first line test in primary care for heart failure?
- BNP
What is the difference between BNP and ANP?
- ANP –> atrial hormone
- BNP –> Ventricular hormone
What tests can be done to diagnose heart failure?
- CXR
- ECG
- Echo
- BNP
- calculate ejection fraction
What is the pharmacological treatment of heart failure?
- ACE inhibior (ARB)
- b blocker
- spirnolactone
- diuretics
What is a LVAD?
- Left ventricular assist device
