Hypersensitivity and immunodeficiency (E1) Flashcards
immundeficieny
defect in self- defense mechanisms
primary immundeficiency
congenital, may involve b or t cells. Also SCIDS
agammaglobulinemia
prevents body from producing b-cells
SCIDS
severe combined immunodeficiencies
secondary immundeficiencies
contracted after birth
types of secondary immunodeficiency (5)
nutritional, iatrogenic, trauma, stress, from infectious disease (HIV)
how are secondary immunodeficiens treated
IVIg and CPT, stem cell or bone marraw grafts, gene therapy
Hypersensitivity
exaggerated resp0onse to injury, or foreign substance
Cutaneous anaphylaxis
smaller reaction, only impacts skin
systemic anaphylaxis
full body allergic reaction
3 types of hypersensitivity
Allergy, autoimmunity, alloimmunity
allergy
response to allergens, may form a neoantigen where an antigen combines with tissue and tissue may be damages
autoimmunity
immune system targets self, may target self material that closely resembles foreign material
alloimmunity
responses to grafted tissue
autograft
graft from self, will cause no alloimmune response
isograft
graft from identical twin, will cause no response
allograft
from another human, may cause response
xenograft
from different species, may cause response
hyperacute rejection
white graft, happens near immediately
type I hypersensitivity
IgE causes mast cell degranulation with release of histamine. Most fast acting allergies.
Causes Urticaria (hives)
Atopic
a general predisposition for allergic reaction with type I hypersensitivity
how do allergy shots work
desenzitize, keep antigens from binding to IgE
Type II hypersensitivity
antibodies bind to tissue-specific antigens
example of type II hypersensitivity
with RH factor, a mom being rh - may have a baby that is rh+. Rhogam can be taken to keep antibodies from attacking placenta
type III hypersensitivity
Ab-Ag complexes, chain of antibodies and antigens binding together. Deposit in tissue and can cause “serum sickness”. Neutrophils try and digest complex which causes leakage
examples on type III hypersensitivity
Arthus reaction (painful swelling that can happen with vaccine)
raynaud phenomenon (with cryoglobulins, extreme reactions to cold)
Type IV hypersensitivity
cell-mediated reaction, only with T-cell, no antibodies
Example of type IV hypersensitivity
graft/tumor rejections
contact dermatitis
