Hypersensitivity and immunodeficiency (E1)

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immundeficieny

Answer 2

defect in self- defense mechanisms

Question 3

primary immundeficiency

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congenital, may involve b or t cells. Also SCIDS

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agammaglobulinemia

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prevents body from producing b-cells

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SCIDS

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severe combined immunodeficiencies

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secondary immundeficiencies

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contracted after birth

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types of secondary immunodeficiency (5)

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nutritional, iatrogenic, trauma, stress, from infectious disease (HIV)

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how are secondary immunodeficiens treated

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IVIg and CPT, stem cell or bone marraw grafts, gene therapy

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Hypersensitivity

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exaggerated resp0onse to injury, or foreign substance

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Cutaneous anaphylaxis

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smaller reaction, only impacts skin

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systemic anaphylaxis

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full body allergic reaction

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3 types of hypersensitivity

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Allergy, autoimmunity, alloimmunity

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allergy

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response to allergens, may form a neoantigen where an antigen combines with tissue and tissue may be damages

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autoimmunity

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immune system targets self, may target self material that closely resembles foreign material

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alloimmunity

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responses to grafted tissue

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autograft

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graft from self, will cause no alloimmune response

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isograft

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graft from identical twin, will cause no response

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allograft

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from another human, may cause response

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xenograft

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from different species, may cause response

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hyperacute rejection

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white graft, happens near immediately

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type I hypersensitivity

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IgE causes mast cell degranulation with release of histamine. Most fast acting allergies.
Causes Urticaria (hives)

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Atopic

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a general predisposition for allergic reaction with type I hypersensitivity

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how do allergy shots work

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desenzitize, keep antigens from binding to IgE

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Type II hypersensitivity

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antibodies bind to tissue-specific antigens

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example of type II hypersensitivity

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with RH factor, a mom being rh - may have a baby that is rh+. Rhogam can be taken to keep antibodies from attacking placenta

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type III hypersensitivity

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Ab-Ag complexes, chain of antibodies and antigens binding together. Deposit in tissue and can cause "serum sickness". Neutrophils try and digest complex which causes leakage

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examples on type III hypersensitivity

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Arthus reaction (painful swelling that can happen with vaccine) raynaud phenomenon (with cryoglobulins, extreme reactions to cold)

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Type IV hypersensitivity

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cell-mediated reaction, only with T-cell, no antibodies

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Example of type IV hypersensitivity

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graft/tumor rejections contact dermatitis