Cancer (E1) Flashcards
neoplasia
process of a tumor forming
in situ neoplasia
localized to one site
invasive neoplasm
non-localized, spread
cellular dysplasia
irregular, abnormal nuclei numbers or shape.
cells have higher mitotoc index than original tissue
benign tumor
has a capsule that contain the tumor
mailgnant tumor
spreads through the body
metastasis
fragment of tumor breaks off and travels via bloodstream or lymph to take over second site
what are the most commons sites that get metastasized
lungs, lymph nodes, and live, have small blood vessels and lots of capillaries
extravasation
branches into surrounding tissue
malignant
high mitotic index, cell are les differentiated
carcinoma
epithelial tissue derived, like skin cancer
adenocarcinoma
gland/duct derived
sarcoma
connective tissue derived
lymphoma
lymphatic tissue
leukemia
blood-forming tissue
teratoma
germ cell, can grow teeth, fingernail, hair
5 clinical stages of tumors
0- no evidence of tumor/cancer
1- confined to organ of origin
2- locally invasive
3- spread to regional structures
4- spread to more distant sites
TNM system
T- degree of tumor spread
N- lymph node involvement
M- presence of distant metastasis
Tumor marks
made in high amounts by cancer cells
can be used to screen high risk individuals
found on cancer cell membranes/ body fluids
multi- hit hypothesis
as cells get older the occurrence of genetic mutations increase
what does the multi-hit hypothesis explain
cancer prevalence increasing with age as older DNA has had more time to accumulate damage
clonal proliferation
cancer cells have a competitive advantage, outcompete normal cells and use more nutrition
autonomy with cancer cells
ignore bodies signals