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Patho > Cells (E1) > Flashcards

Cells (E1) Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious disease

A

Caused by pathogen

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2
Q

idiopathic

A

don’t know cause

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3
Q

iatrogenic

A

disease happened from treatment of something else

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4
Q

diagnosis

A

current, what is present

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5
Q

prognosis

A

futrue, what will happen, disease progression

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6
Q

sequale

A

left over from disease, like a scar or something to live with after diseases has run course

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7
Q

sign

A

something you can see/test/prove (objective)

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8
Q

symptom

A

patient feels/tells you about (subjective)

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9
Q

epithelial tissue

A

packed, close together

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10
Q

connective tissue

A

looser cell packaging

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11
Q

adapted cells

A

healthy cells with changed behavior, like cells in inflamed tissue suspending themselves until inflammation goes away

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12
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in cell size

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13
Q

physiologic atrophy

A

normal and not from a disease, like with fat loss

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14
Q

pathologic atrophy

A

from a diseased

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15
Q

disuse atrophy

A

cause my disuse of especially muscle cells

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16
Q

hypertrophy

A

cells increase in size

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17
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in cell number

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18
Q

compensatory hyperplasia

A

cell number increase based on increased work load, like with the loss of a kidney

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19
Q

hormonal hyperplasia

A

increase based on hormones

20
Q

metaplasia

A

cellular replacement. If done by a less mature cell, is reversible

21
Q

dsyplasia

A

abnormal changes in cells

22
Q

atypical hyperplasia

A

like with neoplasia in tumor/ cancer cells

23
Q

what can cause cellular adaptation

A

changes in workload, blood supply, nutrition, hormones, nervous system stimulation

24
Q

features of injured cells

A

severe drop in ATP production, extensive vacuolation (water flows into the cell enmasse) high ca 2+ infiltration, accumulation of oxygen free radicals

25
Q

hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen to cells

26
Q

anoxia

A

cells completely starved of oxygen, typically from ischemia

27
Q

cause of hypoxia

A

asphyxia injury to tissues that can physically keep blood from flowing or gas from being inhaled

28
Q

reperfusion injury

A

tissues deprived of oxygen reflooded with oxygen, causes the rapid buildup of Reactive oxygen species. Can make cells necrotic

29
Q

free radical damage

A

atoms switch unpaired electrons, comes from reactive oxygen species like 02-, oh-, h202. Causes oxidative stress

30
Q

Chemical injury

A

from poisons like toxic chemical agents (xenobiotics) Ex. Lead CO, ethanol, drugs

31
Q

infectious or inflammatory injury

A

from pathogens that harm the host

32
Q

traumatic injury

A

could be blunt bruising or sharp that causes penetration and blood loss

33
Q

what can infiltrate cells during injury

A

water( vacuolation), lipids (fatty change) carbohydrates( glycogen accumulation) proteins (melanin, hemoproteins) Calcium, uric acid

34
Q

what can an infiltration of lipids into cells cause

A

saponification (soap like)
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

35
Q

dystrophic calcification

A

tissue is already injured which causes and influx of calcium

36
Q

metastatic calcfication

A

abnormality with parathyroid gland, calcium metabolism causes calcification of uninjured tissue

37
Q

hyperuricemia

A

infiltration of uric acid into cells, which can lead to gout

38
Q

autolysis

A

whole cell lysis

39
Q

pyknosis

A

nucleus shrinks and chromosome clump up like going through mitosis

40
Q

karyolisis

A

nucleus fragments into pieces

41
Q

coagulative necrosis

A

proteins from cells coagulate

42
Q

liquefactive necrosis

A

cells liquefy, this is specifically for nervous tissue

43
Q

caseous necrosis

A

both coagulative and liquefactive

44
Q

fat necrosis

A

saponification, and congealment of fat

45
Q

gangrenous necrosis

A

large scale oxygen deprivation

46
Q

gas gangrene

A

causes by clostridium perfringes, a bacteria

47
Q

apoptosis

A

cellular suicide. Initiates self-destruct program. Nucleus and cytoplasm shrink which causes fragmentation of cells

Patho (11 decks)

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