Alterations of Cardiovascular function

Question 1

thromboembolus

Answer 1

a thrombus (blood clot) that is traveled into the blood stream and may block blood flow

Question 2

varicose vein

Answer 2

valves of vein not working- causing stasis

Question 3

chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 3

blood chronically not returned through the veins, may cause venous stasis ulcers

Question 4

superior vena cava syndrome

Answer 4

blood is not efficiently returned from upper part of body to right atrium
causes edema of arms, headache

Question 5

hypertension

Answer 5

chronic increase in systemic arterial blood pressure

Question 6

primary hypertension

Answer 6

combined systolic/diastolic elevation
involves renal system and pressure-natriuresis relationship

Question 7

secondary hypertension

Answer 7

reasoning is elsewhere body, can be from kidney inflammation/disease

Question 8

isolated systolic hypertension

Answer 8

systolic BP more than 140, with normal or low diastolic
from rigid aorta

Question 9

complicated hypertension

Answer 9

sustained primary hypertension
increased risk for aneurysm

Question 10

malignant hypertension

Answer 10

hypertensive crisis
increased risk of anurysm

Question 11

hypotension

Answer 11

low blood pressure
can cause brain too not get enough blood

Question 12

aneurysm

Answer 12

distension of blood vessel from weakening of vessel walls

Question 13

false anuerysm

Answer 13

look like aneurysm, but is bulge form clotting factors

Question 14

beurger disease

Answer 14

swelling of the blood vessels that can interrupt blood flow
seen in smoker

Question 15

vasospasm

Answer 15

persistent contracting of blood vessels
secondary to other diseases
Raynaud’s, lupus

Question 16

arteriosclerosis

Answer 16

hardening/thickening of vessel walls

Question 17

atherosclerosis

Answer 17

fat/fibrin deposit in vessel walls

Question 18

how does atherosclerosis form/happen

Answer 18

endothelial injury to vessel walls
foam cells infiltrate, attach to damage, and accumulate fat.
fibrin accumulates on fatty streak and fibrous plaque develops

Question 19

foam cells

Answer 19

in atherosclerosis, macrophages that infiltrate and attach to damage on vessel walls, and accumulate fat in blood stream

Question 20

complicated plauque

Answer 20

fibrous plaque developed over years gets damaged and a blood clot forms

Question 21

peripheral artery disease

Answer 21

impeded blood flow to the extremities

Question 22

coronary artery disease

Answer 22

and disease that block coronary arteries ex atherosclerosis

Question 23

myocardial ischemia

Answer 23

heart does not receive enough blood/oxygen to function properly
irreversible hypoxic injury occurs after 20 minutes

Question 24

angina

Answer 24

chest pain from lack of oxygen

Question 25

stable angina

Answer 25

chest pain that gets worse during exertion from an increase of blood flow

Question 26

prinzmental/variable angina

Answer 26

chest pain that gets worse from something other than exertion

Question 27

silent angina

Answer 27

chest pain written off as something minor

Question 28

5 types of angina

Answer 28

stable variable silent stress-induced unstable

Question 29

Cardiac troponin T

Answer 29

a cardiac enzyme that increases with an occurrence of a heart attach

Question 30

unstable angina

Answer 30

pain comes and goes from an emboli moving around sign of MI

Question 31

what percent of death in America are caused by CAD

Answer 31

33%

Question 32

dyslipidemia

Answer 32

abnormal levels of lipid in blood sign of CAD

Question 33

what are VLDL, LDL, HDL

Answer 33

particles that shuttle cholesterol around the body

Question 34

HDL

Answer 34

high density lipoprotein bring cholesterol to liver

Question 35

LDL

Answer 35

low density lipoprotein take cholesterol away from liver when elevated- sign of liver processing more cholesterol than the body can handle

Question 36

acute pericaarditis

Answer 36

infectious disease of 2 layers outside heart

Question 37

pericardial effusion

Answer 37

fluid/pus buildup between layer s of pericardium

Question 38

tamponade

Answer 38

inflammation of pericardium restrict heart ability to pump

Question 39

constrictive pericarditis

Answer 39

2 layers of pericardium become fused together

Question 40

cardiomyopathy

Answer 40

abnormality with myocardium (muscular level of heart)

Question 41

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 41

overdeveloped myocardium, blood cant get into left ventricle

Question 42

constrictive/restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 42

myocardium become stiffened

Question 43

dilates cardiomyopathy

Answer 43

myocardium enlarges and weakens

Question 44

valvular stenosis

Answer 44

valves stiffen ex aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis

Question 45

valvular ergurgitation

Answer 45

valve doesnt completely close

Question 46

mitrial valve prolapse syndrome

Answer 46

valve flips the wrong way

Question 47

infective endocarditis

Answer 47

infection of inner lining/valves often caused by mouth bacteria

Question 48

BAV

Answer 48

congenital, born with aortic valve having 2 cusps instead of 3

Question 49

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 49

type 3 hypersensitivity that can be triggered by group A strep

Question 50

dysrhythmia

Answer 50

abnormal heart rhythm that can impede proper electrical stimulation of the heart

Question 51

congestive heart failure

Answer 51

left side, blood not getting into arterial system

Question 52

systolic heart failure

Answer 52

heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Question 53

diastolic heart failure

Answer 53

heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Question 54

right heart failure

Answer 54

blood not getting pumped in lungs causes edema of extremities

Question 55

high output failure

Answer 55

something has impeded ability of blood to be oxygenated lung, not heart problem

Question 56

shock

Answer 56

sudden drop in blood pressure

Question 57

MODS

Answer 57

multiple organ dysfunction syndrome not enough blood getting to organs result of shock

Question 58

cardiogenic shock

Answer 58

heart has stopped pumpin

Question 59

hypovolemic shock

Answer 59

loss of blood

Question 60

neurogenic shock

Answer 60

something has happened in nervous system

Question 61

anaphylactic shock

Answer 61

type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, blood vessels open for more histamine and BP drops

Question 62

septic shock

Answer 62

infection has lead to sepsis