Alterations of Cardiovascular function Flashcards
thromboembolus
a thrombus (blood clot) that is traveled into the blood stream and may block blood flow
varicose vein
valves of vein not working- causing stasis
chronic venous insufficiency
blood chronically not returned through the veins, may cause venous stasis ulcers
superior vena cava syndrome
blood is not efficiently returned from upper part of body to right atrium
causes edema of arms, headache
hypertension
chronic increase in systemic arterial blood pressure
primary hypertension
combined systolic/diastolic elevation
involves renal system and pressure-natriuresis relationship
secondary hypertension
reasoning is elsewhere body, can be from kidney inflammation/disease
isolated systolic hypertension
systolic BP more than 140, with normal or low diastolic
from rigid aorta
complicated hypertension
sustained primary hypertension
increased risk for aneurysm
malignant hypertension
hypertensive crisis
increased risk of anurysm
hypotension
low blood pressure
can cause brain too not get enough blood
aneurysm
distension of blood vessel from weakening of vessel walls
false anuerysm
look like aneurysm, but is bulge form clotting factors
beurger disease
swelling of the blood vessels that can interrupt blood flow
seen in smoker
vasospasm
persistent contracting of blood vessels
secondary to other diseases
Raynaud’s, lupus
arteriosclerosis
hardening/thickening of vessel walls
atherosclerosis
fat/fibrin deposit in vessel walls
how does atherosclerosis form/happen
endothelial injury to vessel walls
foam cells infiltrate, attach to damage, and accumulate fat.
fibrin accumulates on fatty streak and fibrous plaque develops
foam cells
in atherosclerosis, macrophages that infiltrate and attach to damage on vessel walls, and accumulate fat in blood stream
complicated plauque
fibrous plaque developed over years gets damaged and a blood clot forms
peripheral artery disease
impeded blood flow to the extremities
coronary artery disease
and disease that block coronary arteries ex atherosclerosis
myocardial ischemia
heart does not receive enough blood/oxygen to function properly
irreversible hypoxic injury occurs after 20 minutes
angina
chest pain from lack of oxygen
stable angina
chest pain that gets worse during exertion from an increase of blood flow
prinzmental/variable angina
chest pain that gets worse from something other than exertion
silent angina
chest pain written off as something minor
5 types of angina
stable
variable
silent
stress-induced
unstable
Cardiac troponin T
a cardiac enzyme that increases with an occurrence of a heart attach
unstable angina
pain comes and goes from an emboli moving around
sign of MI
what percent of death in America are caused by CAD
33%
dyslipidemia
abnormal levels of lipid in blood sign of CAD
what are VLDL, LDL, HDL
particles that shuttle cholesterol around the body
HDL
high density lipoprotein
bring cholesterol to liver
LDL
low density lipoprotein
take cholesterol away from liver
when elevated- sign of liver processing more cholesterol than the body can handle
acute pericaarditis
infectious disease of 2 layers outside heart
pericardial effusion
fluid/pus buildup between layer s of pericardium
tamponade
inflammation of pericardium restrict heart ability to pump
constrictive pericarditis
2 layers of pericardium become fused together
cardiomyopathy
abnormality with myocardium (muscular level of heart)
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
overdeveloped myocardium, blood cant get into left ventricle
constrictive/restrictive cardiomyopathy
myocardium become stiffened
dilates cardiomyopathy
myocardium enlarges and weakens
valvular stenosis
valves stiffen ex aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis
valvular ergurgitation
valve doesnt completely close
mitrial valve prolapse syndrome
valve flips the wrong way
infective endocarditis
infection of inner lining/valves
often caused by mouth bacteria
BAV
congenital, born with aortic valve having 2 cusps instead of 3
rheumatic heart disease
type 3 hypersensitivity that can be triggered by group A strep
dysrhythmia
abnormal heart rhythm that can impede proper electrical stimulation of the heart
congestive heart failure
left side, blood not getting into arterial system
systolic heart failure
heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
diastolic heart failure
heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
right heart failure
blood not getting pumped in lungs
causes edema of extremities
high output failure
something has impeded ability of blood to be oxygenated
lung, not heart problem
shock
sudden drop in blood pressure
MODS
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
not enough blood getting to organs
result of shock
cardiogenic shock
heart has stopped pumpin
hypovolemic shock
loss of blood
neurogenic shock
something has happened in nervous system
anaphylactic shock
type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, blood vessels open for more histamine and BP drops
septic shock
infection has lead to sepsis
