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Patho > Alterations of hormonal regulation (E1) > Flashcards

Alterations of hormonal regulation (E1) Flashcards

1
Q

what can cause hormonal alteration (5)

A

synthesis disorders
gland failure to recognize cellular need
inappropriate de/activation of hormone
dysfunctional delivery systems
recipient cells responding improperly

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2
Q

Example of a dysfunctional delivery system

A

lipid hormones are hydrophobic and need a shuttle protein. If this does not work

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3
Q

SIADH

A

in posterior pituitary
causes high antidiuretic hormone release, and body hold on to too much water

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4
Q

Hyponatremia

A

sodium level too diluted from increased renal H20 retention, a result of SIADH

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5
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

posterior pituitary
not enough ADH, causes excessive urination

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6
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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7
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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8
Q

neurogenic diabetes insipidus

A

problem in nervous system, with posterior pituitary

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9
Q

nephrogenic DI

A

problem lies with the kidneys

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10
Q

psychogenic polydipsia

A

psychological compulsion to drink too much water

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11
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

anterior pituitary
stops secreting essentially all hormones

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12
Q

hypopituitary dwarfism

A

anterior pituitary
not making enough HGH (human growth hormone)

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13
Q

growth hormone hypersecretion

A

anterior pituitary hyperpituitarism
acromegaly/giantism

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14
Q

prolactinomas

A

anterior pituitary
inappropriate lactation

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15
Q

hyperethyroidism

A

involves increases of secretion of THs

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16
Q

goiter

A

enlarged neck from hyperthyroidism

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17
Q

thyroid strom

A

stress induced hypersecretion of hormones

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18
Q

graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism
body produces antibodies that mimic thyroid stimulating hormones
creates overstimulation of the thyroid

19
Q

hypothyroidism

A

decreased production by thyroid

20
Q

1st degree hypothyroidism

A

problem is within the thyroid

21
Q

2nd degree hypothyroidism

A

thyroid is not getting enough stimulation to make TH

22
Q

what often causes hypothyroidism

A

thyroiditis

23
Q

4 types of thyroiditis

A

acute, subacute, postpartum, autoimmune

24
Q

hashimotos

A

immune system attacks thyroid, hypothyroidism

25
Q

myxedema

A

manifestation of hypothyroidism in the face

26
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

increased PTH production, results in hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria, and hypophosphatemia

27
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

decreases PTH production, hypocalcemia

28
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

not enough glucose is being turned into glycogen, abnormality with insulin

29
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

absolute insulin deficiency

30
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

insulin resistance, if diet is high in glucose, insulin will be constantly used and receptors will be come less receptive to insulin

31
Q

gestational diabetes

A

typically temporary, happens during pregnancy due to hormone cascades

32
Q

How to test for diabetes

A

HBA1c levels- if hemoglobin has a lot of glucose stuck to it, glucose levels are too high

33
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

when body can use energy from glycogen, breaks down fats instead which causes ketones

34
Q

nonenzymatic glycosylation

A

complication of DM
glucose is stuck to molecules that it shouldn’t be

35
Q

hyperglycemia

A

complication of DM
too high blood sugar
glucose into polyol pathway, and oxidative stress is put on cells

36
Q

diabetic neuropathy

A

complication of DM
tingling in peripherals

37
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

complication of DM
eye problems

38
Q

microvascular disease

A

complication of DM
effects the blood stream and can cause gangrene/ necrosis in late stages

39
Q

cushings

A

adrenal disorder
hypercortisolism
increased adrenocorticotropic hormone increases cortisol
diffuse weight gain

40
Q

hypocorticolism

A

decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone equals decreased cortisol
idiopathic Addison’s disease

41
Q

hyperaldosteronism

A

increased aldosterone, which regulates ions.
hang on to too much sodium= too much water= increased blood pressure

42
Q

feminization

A

increased secretion of estrogens or increased breakdown of testosterones into estrogen by aromatase

43
Q

virilization

A

increased secretion of androgens

Patho (11 decks)

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