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Patho > alteration in hematologic function > Flashcards

alteration in hematologic function Flashcards

1
Q

primary result of Anemia

A

tissue hypoxia

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2
Q

hypoxemia

A

decreased O2 in the blood

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3
Q

what causes anemia

A

altered production of RBC
blood loss
increased destruction of RBCs

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4
Q

normocytic

A

red blood cells a normla size

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5
Q

macrocytic

A

abnormall large cell

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6
Q

microcytic

A

abnormally small cell

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7
Q

normochromic

A

normal RBC

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8
Q

hypochromic

A

not enough hemoglobin in RBC

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9
Q

hyperchromic

A

too much hemoglobin in RBC

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10
Q

anisocytosis

A

red blood cells being made in a variety of sizes

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11
Q

poikilocytosis

A

red blood cells made in a variety of shapes

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12
Q

pernicious anemia

A

macrocytic normochromic
don’t produce enough intrinsic factor, which means not enough B12

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13
Q

folate deficiency anemia

A

macrocytic-normochromic
not enough folic acid

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14
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

microcytic-hypochromic anemia

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15
Q

sideroblastic anemia

A

microcytic-hypochromic
iron not being properly used for hemoglobin, causes precursors with rings

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16
Q

The thalassemias

A

microcytic-hypochromic
effect 2 alpha and 2 beta particles that make up hemoglobin
insufficient oxygen in blood supply

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17
Q

aplastic anemia

A

normocytic-normochromic
malignancy of some kind, not making enough RBCs

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18
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

normocytic-normochromic
red blood cells bursting, cannot maintain red blood cell intergtrity

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19
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

aquired
Rh factor (mom negative, baby positive)

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20
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

hereditary hemolytic anemia

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21
Q

psthemorrhagic anemia

A

after blood loss, while hypovolemic

22
Q

anemia of chronic inflammation

A

inflammation can impede bodies ability to form red blood cells

23
Q

polycythemia

A

too mnay red blood cells, blood gets sticky and does not circulate well

24
Q

relative polycythemia

A

just appears to be too thick, but may be temproary like with dehydration

25
Q

absolute polycythemia

A

too many red blood cells

26
Q

secondary absolut polycythemia

A

body compensates for having less oxygen by producing more RBCs, like with high altitudes

27
Q

polycythemia vera

A

thick stick blood, often for JAK2 mutation
increased risk for ischemia/infartion of tissue

28
Q

iron overload

A

too much iron, treated with chelation therapy

29
Q

hereditary hemochomatosis

A

iron does not get processed correctly, blood need to be removed

30
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

some disease that affects the lymph nodes

31
Q

hodgkins lymphoma

A

had reed-strenberg cells, cells with gigantic nucelus
has better prognosis

32
Q

non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

involves T,B, NK cells

33
Q

burkitts lymphoma

A

a complication of mono

34
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignancy of plasma cells

35
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlarge spleen, like with ifectious diseases (mono)

36
Q

hypersplenism

A

hyperactive spleen, causes decrease in amount of RBCs and WBC and platelets ciculating

37
Q

thrombocyopenia

A

deficieency in platelets

38
Q

thrombocythemia

A

excess of platelets

39
Q

primary thrombocythemia

A

from a malignant condition

40
Q

secondary thrombocythemia

A

relative, and lieka spike in platelets when spleen is removed

41
Q

impaired hemostasis

A

problem forming blood clots because of problem with platelets

42
Q

hemophilia

A

problem with clotting cascade, a protein that forms blood clots is missing

43
Q

immune thrombocytopenic purpura

A

antibodies against own platelets

44
Q

what can platelet disorders cause

A

vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) or erythromelalgia

45
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

abnormal blood clotting throughout the body

46
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot attached to a vessel wall

47
Q

ambolus

A

air, flat, or blood clot that block blood flow

48
Q

hypercoagulability

A

blood clots too easily

49
Q

triad of virchow

A

injury to blood vessel endothelium
abnormalities in blood flow
hypercoagulability

50
Q

what often causes DVT

A

immobility

Patho (11 decks)

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