alteration in hematologic function

Question 1

primary result of Anemia

Answer 1

tissue hypoxia

Question 2

hypoxemia

Answer 2

decreased O2 in the blood

Question 3

what causes anemia

Answer 3

altered production of RBC
blood loss
increased destruction of RBCs

Question 4

normocytic

Answer 4

red blood cells a normla size

Question 5

macrocytic

Answer 5

abnormall large cell

Question 6

microcytic

Answer 6

abnormally small cell

Question 7

normochromic

Answer 7

normal RBC

Question 8

hypochromic

Answer 8

not enough hemoglobin in RBC

Question 9

hyperchromic

Answer 9

too much hemoglobin in RBC

Question 10

anisocytosis

Answer 10

red blood cells being made in a variety of sizes

Question 11

poikilocytosis

Answer 11

red blood cells made in a variety of shapes

Question 12

pernicious anemia

Answer 12

macrocytic normochromic
don’t produce enough intrinsic factor, which means not enough B12

Question 13

folate deficiency anemia

Answer 13

macrocytic-normochromic
not enough folic acid

Question 14

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 14

microcytic-hypochromic anemia

Question 15

sideroblastic anemia

Answer 15

microcytic-hypochromic
iron not being properly used for hemoglobin, causes precursors with rings

Question 16

The thalassemias

Answer 16

microcytic-hypochromic
effect 2 alpha and 2 beta particles that make up hemoglobin
insufficient oxygen in blood supply

Question 17

aplastic anemia

Answer 17

normocytic-normochromic
malignancy of some kind, not making enough RBCs

Question 18

hemolytic anemia

Answer 18

normocytic-normochromic
red blood cells bursting, cannot maintain red blood cell intergtrity

Question 19

hemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer 19

aquired
Rh factor (mom negative, baby positive)

Question 20

sickle cell anemia

Answer 20

hereditary hemolytic anemia

Question 21

psthemorrhagic anemia

Answer 21

after blood loss, while hypovolemic

Question 22

anemia of chronic inflammation

Answer 22

inflammation can impede bodies ability to form red blood cells

Question 23

polycythemia

Answer 23

too mnay red blood cells, blood gets sticky and does not circulate well

Question 24

relative polycythemia

Answer 24

just appears to be too thick, but may be temproary like with dehydration

Question 25

absolute polycythemia

Answer 25

too many red blood cells

Question 26

secondary absolut polycythemia

Answer 26

body compensates for having less oxygen by producing more RBCs, like with high altitudes

Question 27

polycythemia vera

Answer 27

thick stick blood, often for JAK2 mutation increased risk for ischemia/infartion of tissue

Question 28

iron overload

Answer 28

too much iron, treated with chelation therapy

Question 29

hereditary hemochomatosis

Answer 29

iron does not get processed correctly, blood need to be removed

Question 30

lymphadenopathy

Answer 30

some disease that affects the lymph nodes

Question 31

hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 31

had reed-strenberg cells, cells with gigantic nucelus has better prognosis

Question 32

non-hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 32

involves T,B, NK cells

Question 33

burkitts lymphoma

Answer 33

a complication of mono

Question 34

multiple myeloma

Answer 34

malignancy of plasma cells

Question 35

splenomegaly

Answer 35

enlarge spleen, like with ifectious diseases (mono)

Question 36

hypersplenism

Answer 36

hyperactive spleen, causes decrease in amount of RBCs and WBC and platelets ciculating

Question 37

thrombocyopenia

Answer 37

deficieency in platelets

Question 38

thrombocythemia

Answer 38

excess of platelets

Question 39

primary thrombocythemia

Answer 39

from a malignant condition

Question 40

secondary thrombocythemia

Answer 40

relative, and lieka spike in platelets when spleen is removed

Question 41

impaired hemostasis

Answer 41

problem forming blood clots because of problem with platelets

Question 42

hemophilia

Answer 42

problem with clotting cascade, a protein that forms blood clots is missing

Question 43

immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer 43

antibodies against own platelets

Question 44

what can platelet disorders cause

Answer 44

vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) or erythromelalgia

Question 45

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer 45

abnormal blood clotting throughout the body

Question 46

thrombus

Answer 46

a blood clot attached to a vessel wall

Question 47

ambolus

Answer 47

air, flat, or blood clot that block blood flow

Question 48

hypercoagulability

Answer 48

blood clots too easily

Question 49

triad of virchow

Answer 49

injury to blood vessel endothelium abnormalities in blood flow hypercoagulability

Question 50

what often causes DVT

Answer 50

immobility