Human Trafficking

Question 1

Currently, about how many people are victims of human trafficking?

Answer 1

24.9 Million

Question 2

What are the top venues identified for sex trafficking?

Answer 2

Illegal massage/spa business, residence-based commercial sex, hotel-motel based, pornography, and online ads.

Question 3

What are the top venues identified for labor trafficking?

Answer 3

Agriculture, domestic work, traveling sales crews, restaurant/food service, and other illegal activities.

Question 4

Define Human Trafficking:

Answer 4

Obtaining or maintaining the labor or services of another through the use of force, fraud, or coercion in violation of an individual’s human rights.

Also known as modern day slavery.

Question 5

At what age is any performance of commercial sex act considered a victim of human trafficking?

Answer 5

18

Question 6

Federal Definition

Answer 6

a) The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. This occurs in situations of forced labor such as domestic servitude, factory, or agricultural work; or

b) Sex trafficking, meaning the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act is under 18 years of age.”

Question 7

NC Definition

Answer 7

“A person commits the offense of human trafficking when that person (i) knowingly or in reckless disregard of the consequences of the action recruits, entices, harbors, transports, provides, or obtains by any means another person with the intent that the other person be held in involuntary servitude or sexual servitude or (ii) willfully or in reckless disregard of the consequences of the action causes a minor to be held in involuntary servitude or sexual servitude.”

Question 8

If the victim is an adult, the crime of human trafficking is a

Answer 8

Class C Felony

Question 9

If the victim is a minor, the crime of human trafficking is a

Answer 9

Class B2 Felony

Question 10

True or False: Each violation is a separate offense.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: Mistake of age and consent of a minor are not defenses.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Definition of involuntary servitude:

Answer 12

A person commits the offense of involuntary servitude when that person knowingly and willfully or in reckless disregard of the consequences of the action holds another in involuntary servitude

Question 13

If the victim is an adult, the crime of involuntary servitude is a

Answer 13

Class F Felony

Question 14

If the victim is a minor, the crime of involuntary servitude is a

Answer 14

Class C Felony

Question 15

Sexual Servitude Definition

Answer 15

A person commits the offense of sexual servitude when that person knowingly or in reckless disregard of the consequences of the action subjects, maintains, or obtains another for the purposes of sexual servitude

Question 16

If the victim is an adult, the crime of sexual servitude is a

Answer 16

Class D Felony

Question 17

If the victim is a minor, the crime of sexual servitude is a

Answer 17

Class C Felony

Question 18

Unlawful sale, surrender, or purchase of a minor Definition

Answer 18

A person commits the offense of unlawful sale, surrender, or purchase of a minor when that person, acting with willful or reckless disregard for the life or safety of a minor, participates in any of the following: the acceptance, solicitation, offer, payment, or transfer of any compensation, in money, property, or other thing of value, at any time, by any person in connection with the unlawful acquisition or transfer of the physical custody of a minor, except as ordered by the court.

Question 19

Unlawful sale, surrender, or purchase of a minor violation consequences:

Answer 19

A person who violates this section is guilty of a Class F felony and shall pay a minimum fine of five thousand dollars ($5,000). For each subsequent violation, the person is guilty of an additional Class F felony and shall pay a minimum fine of ten thousand dollars ($10,000).

Question 20

Trafficking:

Answer 20

(1) Is not voluntary; one cannot consent to being trafficked or enslaved

(2) Entails forced exploitation of a person for labor or services

(3) Need not entail the physical movement of a person

(4) Can occur domestically, where citizens are held captive in their own country

(5) Is a crime against the right of each person to be free from involuntary servitude

Question 21

Smuggling:

Answer 21

(1) Is voluntary; an individual typically contracts to be taken across the border

(2) Ends after the border crossing

(3) Fees are usually paid in advance or upon arrival

(4) Is always international in nature

(5) Is a crime against the nation’s sovereignty”

Question 22

Do you need to be physically beaten or restrained to be a victim of human trafficking?

Answer 22

No. The use of force, fraud, or coercion fulfills the elements of a human trafficking crime.

Question 23

Examples of coercion (instilling fear):

Answer 23

Confiscate papers and legal documents

Misrepresent U.S. laws and consequences for entering the country illegally

Threaten victims with arrest or deportation

Threaten to harm or kill family in the victim’s homeland

Use debt and other fines in order to create an insurmountable ‘peonage’ situation in which the victim must work off a debt or face punishment. Debts commonly include the initial smuggling fee; charges for food, housing, clothing, medical expenses; or fines for failing to meet daily quotas

Move victims from location to location or trading them from one establishment to another resulting in a situation where victims may not know which town or state they are in and are less able to locate assistance

Create dependency using tactics of psychological and emotional abuse in much the same way a batterer behaves toward their intimate partner in a dynamic of domestic violence

Dictate or restrict movement

Isolate victims who do not speak English, as they rely on the trafficker as a translator and their only source of information”30

“Isolation from family members and members of their ethnic and religious community”31

“The threat of shaming victims by exposing circumstances to family”32

“Control of the victims’ money, e.g., holding their money for ‘safe-keeping’”

Question 24

Sexual exploitation settings:

Answer 24

a) Brothels

b) Massage parlors

c) Pornography productions

d) Street prostitution

Question 25

Labor exploitation:

Answer 25

a) Agricultural/farm work

b) Cleaning services

c) Construction

d) Domestic servitude

e) Exotic dancing

f) Factory/manufacturing

g) Restaurant work

Question 26

Human trafficking is covert. But these violations can indirectly expose trafficking:

Answer 26

Domestic violence crimes

Labor disputes

Prostitution and pimping offenses

Shoplifting, and

Cases of assault.

Question 27

Reactive approach

Answer 27

An officer “may uncover trafficking while addressing other crimes or calls for assistance. Depending upon exigent circumstances, you will need to handle the immediate component crime and respond to victim needs.

Question 28

Proactive approach

Answer 28

Officers can be proactive by identifying possible “situations or businesses in your community where you suspect human trafficking may be taking place.

Question 29

National Victim resources

Answer 29

National Human Trafficking Hotline, Legal Aid of North Carolina, Social Services and Assistance: Certification, Continued Presence, T and U Visas,

Question 30

Local Victim resources

Answer 30

North Carolina Coalition Against Human Trafficking (NCCAHT)

Department of public health and mental health

Domestic violence and sexual assault services

Other nonprofit organizations such as healthcare professionals (e.g., EMS, doctor’s office, emergency room nurses, home healthcare)

Question 31

Law enforcement resources

Answer 31

Trafficking Information and Referral Hotline

Federal Bureau of Investigation

United States Immigration Customs Enforcement (ICE)

North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation (SBI)