Human Nutrition

Question 1

What does autotrophic mean?

Answer 1

Organism can make its own food

Question 2

What are omnivores?

Answer 2

Animals that eat both plants and other animals

Question 3

What are carnivores?

Answer 3

Animals that only eat other animals

Question 4

What does heterotrophic mean?

Answer 4

Organism cannot make its own food

Question 5

What is the human dental formula?

Answer 5

2(I2/2 C1/1 PM2/2 M3/3)

Question 6

What are incisors for?

Answer 6

Cutting, slicing and biting

Question 7

What are canines for?

Answer 7

To grip, stab and tear

Question 8

Describe incisors

Answer 8

Chisel shaped w/ sharp edges

Question 9

Describe canines

Answer 9

Long and pointed

Well developed in carnivores

Question 10

What are molars for?

Answer 10

To crush and chew

Question 11

What are premolars for?

Answer 11

To crush and chew

Question 12

Describe premolars

Answer 12

Cusped on surface

Question 13

Describe molars

Answer 13

Large

Question 14

What is mechanical/ physical digestion?

Answer 14

breakdown of food using teeth

Question 15

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 15

Breakdown of food by using enzymes

Question 16

What does the oesophagus do?

Answer 16

Carries food from mouth to stomach

Question 17

What is the involuntary muscular contraction in the oesophagus called?

Answer 17

Peristalsis

Question 18

The sequence of human digestion?

Answer 18

1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Egestion

Question 19

What is ingestion?

Answer 19

Taking of food into the alimentary canal

Question 20

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 20

Tube from mouth to anus (gut)

Question 21

What is digestion?

Answer 21

Breaking down of food by mechanical and chemical digestion

Question 22

What is absorption?

Answer 22

Nutrients absorbed from food

Question 23

What is egestion?

Answer 23

Removal of unabsorbed and undigested material from digestive system

Question 24

What are herbivores?

Answer 24

Animals that feed only on plants

Question 25

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 25

To store and digest food

Question 26

What is in the stomach?

Answer 26

Mucous
Pepsinogen
HCl

Question 27

What is pepsinogen?

Answer 27

An inactive enzyme that when in contact w/ HCl becomes pepsin. This converts proteins into peptides.

Question 28

What protects the stomach from self-digestion?

Answer 28

1. Mucous (alkaline) lines stomach wall
2. Pepsin is created after it enters stomach
3. Cells are tightly packed and rapidly replaced

Question 29

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 29

To produce:

1. Insulin
2. Sodium bicarbonate
3. Amylase and lipase

Question 30

What is the substrate for lipase and what product is formed?

Answer 30

Substrate- lipids

Product- fatty acids and glycerol

Question 31

What is the function of HCl acid in the stomach?

Answer 31

1. To activate pepsinogen into pepsin
2. Kills bacteria
3. Denatures salivary amylase

Question 32

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 32

1. To detoxify body
2. To produce body heat
3. Store vits and mins
4. Convert excess carbs to fat
5. Make bile
6. Convert glucose to glycogen
7. Break down excess amino acid into urea
8. Produce fibrinogen
9. Makes cholesterol

Question 33

What is the function of the rectum?

Answer 33

To store faeces

Question 34

What is the function of the ileum?

Answer 34

To absorb nutrients

Question 35

What is deamination?

Answer 35

Excess amino acids being broken down in the liver to form urea

Question 36

What is the function of villi?

Answer 36

Digestion in duodenum and absorption in ileum

Question 37

What is the function if the lacteal?

Answer 37

Contains lymph which absorbs fatty acid and glycerol

Question 38

What are the adaptions of the small intestine for absorption?

Answer 38

1) Very long
2) Numerous villi/microvilli
3) Walls of villa are v. thin
4) Rich blood supply to carry away water-soluble products
5) Villi have lymph supply to carry away fats