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Biology > DNA and RNA > Flashcards

DNA and RNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who discovered DNA?

A

Watson

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2
Q

What are the four bases?

A

Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

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3
Q

What joins the bases toghter?

A

Hydrogen bonding

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4
Q

What shape is DNA?

A

Double helix

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5
Q

How many bonds are there between A and T?

A

2

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6
Q

How many bonds are there between G and C?

A

3

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7
Q

What are the components of the backbone of DNA?

A

Phosphate and deoxyribose

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8
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

A phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogen containing a base

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9
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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10
Q

What is a purine?

A

Double-ring molecule

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11
Q

What bases are purines?

A

Adenine and guanine

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12
Q

What is a pyrimidine?

A

Single ringed molecule

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13
Q

What bases are pyrimidines?

A

Thymine and cytosine

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14
Q

What is the detergent’s function in the isolation of DNA?

A

It causes the cell membranes to break which releases DNA from cells

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15
Q

What is salt’s function in the isolation of DNA?

A

Causes DNA molecules to clump together

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16
Q

Why was the solution put in a water bath at 60 degrees for 15mins?

A

Denature enzyme that would digest the DNA. If left longer than 15 mins DNA would break down

17
Q

Why was the mixture placed in a beaker of ice water for 5mins?

A

Slow down the breakdown of DNA

18
Q

Why is the mixture only blended for 3 secs at high speed?

A

Breakdown cell walls and release DNA. Blending too long would break down DNA strands

19
Q

Why was protease enzyme added?

A

Breaks down proteins around the DNA

20
Q

Why was ice cold alcohol added?

A

Alcohol removes water from DNA, which causes it to float to top of water. DNA is insoluble in ice-cold alcohol so it precipitates at alcohol-filtrate boundary.

21
Q

Why was the mixture filtered?

A

To separate cell parts from the filtrate (DNA and proteins)

22
Q

What is DNA profiling?

A

A method of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person to distinguish that DNA from other DNA.

23
Q

What is genetic screening?

A

Testing the DNA for the presence or absence of a particular gene or altered gene.

24
Q

What is DNA translation?

A

The conversion of a sequence of genetic bases on messenger RNA into a sequence of amino acids.

25
Q

How many strands does RNA have?

A

1

26
Q

What base replaces thymine in RNA?

A

Uracil

27
Q

What is adult screening?

A

Testing if they are carriers of disorders.

28
Q

What is foetal screening?

A

Testing if a child has a particular genetic disorder.

29
Q

What is translation?

A

The conversion of a sequence of genetic bases on messenger DNA into a sequence of amino acids

30
Q

What is transcription?

A

The copying of a sequence of genetic bases from DNA into messenger RNA

Biology (25 decks)

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