Genetic Crosses Flashcards
What are gametes?
Haploid cells that are capable of fusion.
What is fertilisation?
The union of 2 gametes to form a single cell called a zygote.
What are alleles?
Different forms of the same gene.
What is a locus?
The position of a gene of a chromosome.
What does dominant mean?
The allele prevents the working of the recessive allele.
What does recessive mean?
The allele is prevented from working by a dominant allele.
What is a genotype?
The genetic make-up of an organism.
What is a phenotype?
The physical make-up, or appearance, of an organism.
What is progeny?
Offspring that is prooduced
What does homozygous mean?
2 alleles are the same.
What does heterozygous mean?
The alleles are different.
What is incomplete dominance?
Neither allele is dominant or recessive with respect to the other. Both alleles work in the heterozygous genotype to produce an intermediate phenotype.
State the law of segregation (Mendel’s 1st law).
1) . Inherited characteristics are controlled by pairs of factors.
2) . These factors separate from each other at gamete formation, with only one member of the pair being found in each gamete.
State the law of independent assortment.
When gametes are formed either of a pair of factors is equally likely to combine with either of another pair of factors.
What is linkage?
Genes are located on the same chromosome.
