Human Genome and Genetic Engineering Flashcards
Gene expression
When a gene is turned “on” it makes mRNA, which makes a protein
Genome
All the DNA that is contained is an organisms nucleus
Operon
DNA with an “on/off” switch
Ensures energy not wasted making things the cell doesn’t need
Two kinds of operon
Repressive operon
Inducible operon
Repressible operon
Gene stays “on” unless it is turned “off”
Inducible operon
Gene stays “on” unless it is turned “off”
How do eukaryotes control which gene is turned on/off?
- Tighten up DNA so no proteins made or loosen DNA so proteins made
- Make proteins that help RNA polymerase attach to DNA
- Make chemicals that then genes “on” or “off”
How do prokaryotes control which genes are “o” or “off”
Operon- DNA w on or off switch
Zygote
Fertilized egg
Cell differentiation
Single cell turns into many different cell
Homoetic genes
“Master” genes that make proteins that turn other genes on/ off
Homeobox
Identical DNA sequence found in homeotic genes of organisms
Determine body okay placement of organs
What does rough endoplasmic reticulum do?
Contains ribosomes to make proteins
Proteins made are covered with a membrane which forms vesicle
Chemical address labels send to Golgi apparatus
What does Golgi apparatus do?
Makes final chemical changes to protein
Adds more address leaves to send protein where it is needed
Mutation
Heritable changes in genetic information
Caused by damage or incorrect copying