Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Honors > Biology: classification and taxonomy > Flashcards

Biology: classification and taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

how old is earth?

A

4.6 billion years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

radiometric dating

A

uses radioactive decay to determine age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

isotope

A

Same element (same # protons), different # neutrons, so different Atomic Mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

radioactive decay

A

nuclei releases energy until stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

half life

A

time it takes for ½ unstable isotope to become stable

By comparing ratio of stable isotopes to unstable isotopes, can determine age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

radiometric dating

A

determines half life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

biogenesis

A

All living things come from other living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Abiogenesis/spontaneous generation

A

Living things arise from non-living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when did Small organic molecules synthesized

A

3.8 billion years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oparin

A 
Haldane hypothesis about young earth:
•Probably H2, NH3, CH4, H2O
•NO FREE OXYGEN!
•Lots of energy from UVs & lightning
•Energy + chemicals + reducing organic soup of small molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Miller-Urey Experiment

A

H2O + H2 + CH4 + NH3 + spark (lightning) 5 some amino acids. + precursor to adenine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Joining of small molecules into polymers

A

Polymers formed include proteins & nucleic acids

Experiment: Drip solution of amino acids on hot clay, sand, or rock 5polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Packaging of molecules

A

Organic molecules become surrounded by membrane-like structure
Experiment: Combine organic molecules in flask and see what happens
• Lipids spontaneously form spheres called liposomes
• Form membrane around proteins and nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RNA is first hereditary material

A

RNA evolved before DNA
Many hypothesis re: how RNA evolved
Experiments: Put nucleotides in test tube 5 short RNA polymers
More evidence: Ribozymes -
RNA that can copy itself, chop itself up and make more RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How did life evolve?

A
  1. Anaerobic heterotrophic prokaryotes form from Organic soup
  2. Due to a mutation, chemosynthetic autotrophic prokaryotes evolve
  3. Due to mutation, photosynthetic autotrophic prokaryote
  4. Oxygen and the ozone layer formotes evolve
  5. Eukaryotes and aerobic organisms form from endosymbiosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How did life originate?

A
  1. Small organic molecules synthesized
  2. Joining of small molecules into polymers
  3. packaging of molecules
  4. RNA is first hereditary material
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anaerobic

A

does not need oxygen to live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

prokaryotes

A

do not have nucleus or organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

heterotroph

A

Organism that eats other organisms for energy

21
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

Use energy from chemicals to make food (carbohydrates)

22
Q

Autotroph

A

Makes food from non-living things

23
Q

Photosynthetic

A

Use energy from sun to make food (carbohydrates)

24
Q

First toxic waste

A

O2 accumulation causes destruction of sensitive organic molecules, causing
starvation of many heterotrophs

25
Q

Biodiversity

A

Variety of organisms within a given ecosystem, biome, population

26
Q

Taxonomy:

A

Science of grouping organisms by their characteristic

27
Q

how do we organize biodiversity

A

Nutritional Mode
Structure and Function
Molecular similarities and common ancestors

28
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Making food using chemicals in the environment

29
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Making food using light energy

30
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that absorb nutrients from dead organisms

31
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must ingest it

32
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that make their own food by chemosynthesis or photosynthesis

33
Q

Linnaean System

A

Uses Binomial nomenclature to identify organisms
First word: genus - capitalized & italics
Second word: species - not capitalized & italics

34
Q

Genus groupings

A

Species that are closely related are grouped into the same genus

35
Q

Organisms are organized into eight groupings (taxa)

A

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

36
Q

Domain Bacteria

A

Prokaryote, cell wall, plasma membrane, circular chromosome
• No organelles, no nucleus
• Autotrophs or heterotrophs

37
Q

Domain Archaea

A

Same as bacteria EXCEPT different molecules in cell wall and plasma membrane.
• Live in extreme environment

38
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

True nucleus, complex organelles

39
Q

Six Kingdoms

A

Eubacteria

  1. Archaebacteria
  2. Protists
  3. Plants
  4. Fungi
  5. Animals
40
Q

Archaebacteria are:

A 
Prokaryote
• Unicellular
• Autotrophs or heterotrophs
• Live in extreme environments
- high heat (thermophiles)
- high salt (halophiles)
41
Q

Eubacteria are:

A 
Prokaryote
• Unicellular
• Autotrophs or heterotrophs
• No organelles
- have cell membrane
- have DNA
42
Q

Protists are:

A

Eukaryotes
• Unicellular
• Autotrophs or heterotrophs
• Not animal, plant or fungi

43
Q

Fungi are:

A

Eukaryote
• Mostly multicellular
• Heterotrophs (absorb food

44
Q

Plants are:

A

Eukaryote
• Mostly multicellular
• Autotrophs

45
Q

Animals are:

A

Eukaryotes
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophs

46
Q

Cladistics

A

Grouping organisms by molecular similarities & common ancestors
•Work in progress…always be updated
• Groups species based on order in which they diverged from common ancestor
• Utilizes derived characteristics

47
Q

Derived characteristic

A

Feature that evolved only in group of interest

48
Q

Cladograms

A

Branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between species.
• Vary based on trait being examined

Biology Honors (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions