Human errors & limitations Flashcards
situational awareness
perception = reality
important to safety as important to be aware of surroundings and hazards
3 levels:
perceiving situation
understanding situation
project situation
factors affecting: stress, interruptions, fatigue, motivation, poor comms, workload, head down & more
keep or re gain situational awareness
pre-determine roles for high workload phases
reduce workload
motor instruments
gather information before making decision
many more
find info to prove yourself wrong
human errors
unintentional
skill based or rule and knowledge based
skill based behaviour errors
automatic process, motor programs
2 routine errors
1) action slips- intent correct but action doesn’t satisfy intent, easy to detect and recover from, could come under form of omission
2)environmental capture- action made in same environment frequently, don’t realise when somethings different as just follow what you always do
rule & knowledge base behaviours
mistakes- failures in plan and occur as a result of conscious decision making
intent incorrect but you do that wrong thing correctly
rule based- wrong procedure
knowledge based - failure to appreciate a situation and make an appropriate decision, lack of experience, complacency, confirmation bias, frequency bias
internal factors causing errors
mistaken perception misinterpretation of info no motivation distraction faulty memory
external factors causing errors
ergonomics
economics
social environment
Violations
deliberate actions which are illegal
increased potential to deviate from normal operation increased risk
many violations tempting as no visible drawbacks
routine violation- done over and over
exceptional violation- really bad one off
situational- violations you commit in a certain circumstance that you may believe to be the safest option
decision making
concept representing a voluntary and conscious process of selection, from among possible solutions for a given problem or to achieve a goal depends on: objective/ subjective criteria risks if solutions biases perception stress past experience motivation commercial factors
group think
members modify their opinion to match what the group wants them to believe
people may do this to maintain position in group or maintain good relationship
Risk shift
in a group more susceptible to make risky decision
9 steps for decision making
1) diagnose & define aim
2) collect info
3) risk assessment - anything to increase likelyhood of accident, objective & subjective risks, humans bad at this, channelizing & dispersed attention can miss risks
4) develop options
5) evaluate options
6) decide- depends on 2 gains or losses, when 2 losses: Bias to riskier choice, 2 gains: make wiser decision
7) implement decision
8) consequences
9) review and feedback- working in changing environment, was the decision right and is it still the right choice if things have changed, may have to star process again
DECIDE
detect explore choose identify do evaluate
commitment
refers to a point where we cannot change our minds and we must stick to the decision made
