group behaviour

Question 1

group behaviour

Answer 1

number of people interacting with shared aims and experiences

Question 2

positive interdependance

Answer 2

dependance on 2 or more people on each other

one of most important components of co operative group

Question 3

group cohesion

Answer 3

subtle bond between the group members
caused by liking, dependance, trust etc
working towards a common goal

Question 4

group behaviour

Answer 4

norm- set of rules/ behaviours within the group
role- role an individual takes on within a group
judged by:
status- can cause conflict e.g. 2 captains who takes charge
ability

Question 5

what affects group behaviour?

Answer 5

conformity
compliance
obedience
persuasion

Question 6

leadership

Answer 6

ideas and actions influence others 
good leader:
mature
motivated
achievement orientation
self-confident
good communication
avoid giving opinion at outset 
gather opinions openly 
ensure potential problems are discussed
reasons for decisions aired

Question 7

Autocratic authority gradient

Answer 7

leader doesn’t trust you
want listen to you
hostile
lead to scape goat effect where aggression builds up and taken out on a third person(arc or crew)
captain has high workload as wants do everything themselves (overloaded)

Question 8

laisser-faire authority gradient

Answer 8

captain:
passsive 
doesn't make decisions so others have to
laid back
wants to please cockpit 
consequences:
other crew become leader or members work on their own tasks 
role reversal 
self centred cockpit created- less synergy and most dangerous cockpit situation

Question 9

Synergestic/ democratic authority gradient

Answer 9

lead by example, motivates crew
develops skills of crew
supports teamwork
clear communication
monitors & gives constructive feedback
co-ordinates interrelated activities concerning flight
listens and makes decisions

Question 10

synergy

Answer 10

state where the group performance exceeds the sum of individual performance

Question 11

followership

Answer 11

dictate part of the situational component of effective leadership
don’t delay in airing uncertainties
give opinion clearly
don’t become ego or emotion involved

Question 12

teamwork

Answer 12

increase safety and efficiency 
synergy comes with that
communication better
many logical advantages 
disadvantage:
everyone has difference in opinion, clashes of personality

Question 13

verbal communication

Answer 13

message one to another
one way- linear, limited, persuade or command
two way- includes feedback, receiver responds, sender knows receiver understood
explicit- clear no doubt of meaning
implicit- unclear, prone to misunderstanding
every situation requires communication

Question 14

non-verbal communication

Answer 14

other than words, message in the words
70-80% communication is non-verbal
meta communication:
addition to words
communication about the communication
tells us how info should be interpreted 
paralanguage:
type of meta communication
helps show what words really mean 
expressions

Question 15

profesional language

Answer 15

communication between crew and all other personnel
standard term and phrases, plain language
lacks non-verbal as seated forward
-so verbal comm need to be better
under stress- ambiguity and natural speech errors

Question 16

sterile flight crew compartment

Answer 16

below FL100

only use professional language

Question 17

intelligibility

Answer 17

quality & effectiveness of comms
readability- scale of 1-5
affecting this and safety:
when transmitting:
workload, ambiguity, language, amount of info, uniqueness, noise, distortion, static
wehen receiving:
expectancy, interpretation, interruptions, conflict

Question 18

intra personal conflict

Answer 18

conflict with self

i.e. weighing up sides to an argument

Question 19

interpersonal conflict

Answer 19

conflict with other people
often result of poor communication
result in arguments, spoiled relationships, abuses
happens no matter how well the company is managed

Question 20

conflict prevention/ resolution

Answer 20

active listening
feedback- ensure understanding
above 2 most important but also:
enquiry
negotiation 
advocacy - state beliefs
meta-communication

Question 21

MCC

Answer 21

multi crew co-operation
functioning of flight crew as a team of co-operating members led by a pilot in command
objectives of MCC training: Develop technical and non-technical skills knowledge and attitudes required to operate multi crew aircraft
8 core competencies

Question 22

co-operation

Answer 22

action or process of working together to shared goal with mutual monitoring & backup

Question 23

CRM

Answer 23

crew resource management
effective utilisation of all available resources to achieve a safe and efficient operation
objective is to enhance communication, human factors and management skills of the crew members concerned
emphasis on the non-technical aspects of the crew performance

Question 24

crew briefings

Answer 24

refresh memories of crew before critical stages of flight and emergencies to emphasise requirements of crew co-ordination and co-operation
plan and division of responsibilities & special considerations
pre take off and pre landing mandatory

Question 25

Checklists

Answer 25

proper discipline required for safe flight
take priority- not to be done at same time as anything else
may act as a to do or verification list
challenge and response system used- for vital checks both pilots will need to check and respond

Question 26

SOP’s

Answer 26

contribute to avoiding, reducing and managing threats and errors
threats when using SOP's:
habits
lack of knowledge 
distractions
reduced attention 
many more