group behaviour Flashcards
group behaviour
number of people interacting with shared aims and experiences
positive interdependance
dependance on 2 or more people on each other
one of most important components of co operative group
group cohesion
subtle bond between the group members
caused by liking, dependance, trust etc
working towards a common goal
group behaviour
norm- set of rules/ behaviours within the group
role- role an individual takes on within a group
judged by:
status- can cause conflict e.g. 2 captains who takes charge
ability
what affects group behaviour?
conformity
compliance
obedience
persuasion
leadership
ideas and actions influence others good leader: mature motivated achievement orientation self-confident good communication avoid giving opinion at outset gather opinions openly ensure potential problems are discussed reasons for decisions aired
Autocratic authority gradient
leader doesn’t trust you
want listen to you
hostile
lead to scape goat effect where aggression builds up and taken out on a third person(arc or crew)
captain has high workload as wants do everything themselves (overloaded)
laisser-faire authority gradient
captain: passsive doesn't make decisions so others have to laid back wants to please cockpit consequences: other crew become leader or members work on their own tasks role reversal self centred cockpit created- less synergy and most dangerous cockpit situation
Synergestic/ democratic authority gradient
lead by example, motivates crew
develops skills of crew
supports teamwork
clear communication
monitors & gives constructive feedback
co-ordinates interrelated activities concerning flight
listens and makes decisions
synergy
state where the group performance exceeds the sum of individual performance
followership
dictate part of the situational component of effective leadership
don’t delay in airing uncertainties
give opinion clearly
don’t become ego or emotion involved
teamwork
increase safety and efficiency synergy comes with that communication better many logical advantages disadvantage: everyone has difference in opinion, clashes of personality
verbal communication
message one to another
one way- linear, limited, persuade or command
two way- includes feedback, receiver responds, sender knows receiver understood
explicit- clear no doubt of meaning
implicit- unclear, prone to misunderstanding
every situation requires communication
non-verbal communication
other than words, message in the words 70-80% communication is non-verbal meta communication: addition to words communication about the communication tells us how info should be interpreted paralanguage: type of meta communication helps show what words really mean expressions
profesional language
communication between crew and all other personnel
standard term and phrases, plain language
lacks non-verbal as seated forward
-so verbal comm need to be better
under stress- ambiguity and natural speech errors
sterile flight crew compartment
below FL100
only use professional language
intelligibility
quality & effectiveness of comms
readability- scale of 1-5
affecting this and safety:
when transmitting:
workload, ambiguity, language, amount of info, uniqueness, noise, distortion, static
wehen receiving:
expectancy, interpretation, interruptions, conflict
intra personal conflict
conflict with self
i.e. weighing up sides to an argument
interpersonal conflict
conflict with other people
often result of poor communication
result in arguments, spoiled relationships, abuses
happens no matter how well the company is managed
conflict prevention/ resolution
active listening feedback- ensure understanding above 2 most important but also: enquiry negotiation advocacy - state beliefs meta-communication
MCC
multi crew co-operation
functioning of flight crew as a team of co-operating members led by a pilot in command
objectives of MCC training: Develop technical and non-technical skills knowledge and attitudes required to operate multi crew aircraft
8 core competencies
co-operation
action or process of working together to shared goal with mutual monitoring & backup
CRM
crew resource management
effective utilisation of all available resources to achieve a safe and efficient operation
objective is to enhance communication, human factors and management skills of the crew members concerned
emphasis on the non-technical aspects of the crew performance
crew briefings
refresh memories of crew before critical stages of flight and emergencies to emphasise requirements of crew co-ordination and co-operation
plan and division of responsibilities & special considerations
pre take off and pre landing mandatory
Checklists
proper discipline required for safe flight
take priority- not to be done at same time as anything else
may act as a to do or verification list
challenge and response system used- for vital checks both pilots will need to check and respond
SOP’s
contribute to avoiding, reducing and managing threats and errors threats when using SOP's: habits lack of knowledge distractions reduced attention many more
