HTLV HIV 91-92 Flashcards by paul Leatham

HTLV

Enveloped
diploid
+ ssRNA
Icosahedral

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HIV

Enveleoped
Diploid
+ssRNA
Helical

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HIV HTLV Mechanism

Reverse Transcriptase RNA –> DNA

Integrase–> into host genome

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Two genera of viruses that infect humans

Lentiviruses

Oncoviruses

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What links to HTLV 1

T cell leukemia

HAM/TSP

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What links to HTLV 2

Milder neurologic

Pulmonary disorders

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HIV Structure

Membrane proteins gp 120 and gp 41
Helical
Core matrix/ Proteins
Enzymes; protease, integrase, transcriptase
RNA diploid

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HIV genomes

gag
pol
env

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Gag of HIV codes for

capsid, core and matrix proteins

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Pol of HIV codes for

Three viral enzymes

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ENV of HIV codes for

Two envelope glycoproteins

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Receptors used for entry in HIV

CD4
CXC R4
CCR5

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Host Cells that HIV gain access

T Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Dendritic Cells

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HIV binds what receptor in Dendritic?

DC SIGN– high affinity for ICAM-3

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7 steps of HIV life cycle

Fusion
Nucleoscapsid
RNA converted to DNA
v dNA into nucleus
5 activation, transcription into genome
Assembly and budding new virion
Maturation into infectious virion

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4 stages from infection to AIDS

ACUTE HIV INFECTION
Clinical Latency
Early symptomatic HIV INFECTION
AIDS

ACUTE HIV INFECTION

Infection of mononuclear cells

Mimic Infleunza

ClINICAL LATENCY IN HIV

asymptomatic
continure preogression and replication HIV in cells
Gradual Decline in T cells

Early Symptomatic HIV infection

CHRONIC SYMPTOMS/INFECTIONS
hairy leukoplakia
Gingivitis
p neuropathy
lymphadenopathy
DECREASE CD4 & Increase viral load
Infections not AIDS definig

Which two infections are not AIDS defining?

Oral candidiasis

SHINGLES

AID of HIV

HIV + AND
AIDS defining illness OR
CD4 count < 14%

What three illnesses are indicative of AIDS

Kaposi
Pneumocyti Jirovecci
Cryptococcus

Neurologic manifestations

HIV encephalopathy
P Neuropathies
AIDS dementia complex

HIV transmission

Blood Semen
vaginal 
breast milk
SEXUAL CONTACT
IVDU

Three Categories of Clinical Diagnosis of HIV

A: Acute and Latency B:Infections early stages C: AIDS defining illnesses

LAB DIANOSIS

Detection of anti-HIV - Rapid Test - ELISA

Assess Viral Load vis what?

NATs (effective treatment)

Monitor Drug progression

TCD4 : TCD8 ration 1:1 - 6:1 | If CD8 ? CD 4

What is PCR good for HIV

1. Viral Load 2. Diagnosis 3. drug effectiveness

Classes of Treatment of HIV

1. two classes of RT 2. protease inhibitors 3. integrase inhibitors 4. fusion/entry inhibitor

HTLV Structure

HTLV-1 w/ human infections | Not cytolytic and persist long times

HTLV Genome

Same as HIV +2 genes 1. tax 2. HBZ

What do HTLV genes tax and HBZ do?

growth and proliferation

HTLV Clinical Manifestations

1. Adult T Cell Leukemia 2. HAM/TSP 3. Uveitis

HTLV pathogenesis

CD 4 T cells | Tax leads to clonal ploriferation immortalization

Function of Tax gene HTLV

1. secrete cytokine growth factors (IL 2 proliferat T cells) 2. disrupts normal progression of cell cycle

Function of HBZ HTLV

If cell loses tax,they evade immunity | HBZ maintains oncogenesis in tax absent genes

HTLV Mode of transmission

IVDU Blood Sexual Transmission

HTLV Diagnosis

detection of ag or ab ELISA Atypical Lymphocytes Elevated WBC Patient History