How Nerves Work 1

Question 1

What are the 3 sections of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Somatic (controls conscious actions)

Autonomic (controls unconcious action)

Enteric (controls the gut)

Question 2

What are some of the components of the brain?

Answer 2

Meninges (membrane covering the brain and spinal cord)

Gyrus (ridge on cerebral cortex)

Sulous (shallow goove surrounding gyrus)

Cerebellum (regulates motor movement)

Forebrain (cerebrum and diencephalon)

Brainstem (controls basic functions)

Corpus collosum (allows communication between each hemisphere of the brain)

Question 3

What are the 4 areas of the cerebrum?

Answer 3

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Paricatal lobe

Occipital lobe

Question 4

What are the two areas of the diencephalon and what do they do?

Answer 4

Thalamus (relay motor/sensory signals to the cerebrum)

Hypothalamus (controls lots of proces for autonomic system like relasing hormones and regulating temperature)

Question 5

What is the purpose of the gyrus?

Answer 5

To fold the brain, increasing the surface area allowing more space for more neurones

Question 6

How many hemispheres are in the brain and what sides of the body do they control?

Answer 6

Two

The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body

Question 7

What does a diagram of a brain look like?

Question 8

What is the spinal cord?

Answer 8

Bundle of nervous tissue that sends information to and form the brain

Question 9

What is the spinal cord composed of?

Answer 9

31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves

Question 10

How are the spinal nerves split up?

Answer 10

8 cervical (neck, shoulders and arms)

12 tharacic (chest and abdoment)

5 lumbar (hips and legs)

5 sacral (genitial and gastrointestinal tract)

1 coccygeal

Question 11

Explain the consistency of the thickness of the spinal cord?

Answer 11

It is thicker in some areas than others, thicker in regions where a lot of information connects

Question 12

What is grey matter?

Answer 12

Where most cell bodies are

Question 13

What is white matter?

Answer 13

Where lots of myelin is (axons)

Question 14

Where is grey matter and white matter found?

Answer 14

Grey matter is found on the inside of the spinal cord and white matter on the outside

Question 15

What route does sensory information travel through?

Answer 15

The dorsel route

Question 16

What route does motor information travel through?

Answer 16

The vental route

Question 17

What are ganglion?

Answer 17

Group of cell bodies in the peripherial nervous system (PNS)

Question 18

Where does the brain send signals up and down the spinal cord?

Answer 18

The spinal tract

Question 19

What are the two components of the nervous system?

Answer 19

Central nervous system (CNS, brain and spinal cord)

Peripherial nervous system (PNS, nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord)

Question 20

What are nerves composed of?

Answer 20

Cell body, soma (contains nucleus, where proteins are made)

Dendrites (recieve information)

Initial segment, axon hillock (triggers action potential)

Axon (sends axon potential)

Axon presynaptic terminal (releases neurotransmitter)

Question 21

What are the 3 types of neurones?

Answer 21

Afferent (sensory)

Inter

Efferent (motor)

Question 22

What does the blood brain barrier do?

Answer 22

Stops the ion concentration in the blood affecting the ECF around the brain

Question 23

How much of the CNS do glia cells comprise of?

Answer 23

90%

Question 24

What are the three types of glia cells?

Answer 24

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes

Micraglia

Question 25

What are the functions of astrocytes?

Answer 25

Maintains external environment for neurons

Surrounds blood vessels and produces the blood brian barrier

Question 26

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 26

Form myelin sheath in the CNS

Question 27

What is the function of micraglia?

Answer 27

Phagocytic hoovers mopping up infection