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ME2019 PART 1 > Anatomy of Joints > Flashcards

Anatomy of Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What does the anatomical position look like?

A

Standing upright

Hand facing forwards

Upper limbs by side

Lower limbs straight

Heels together

In males, erected penis

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2
Q

What does superior mean?

A

Facing upwards

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3
Q

What does inferior mean?

A

Facing downwards

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4
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

Away from midline

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5
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Towards midline

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6
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

Towards front

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7
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

Towards back

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8
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

Closer to origin of limb

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9
Q

What does distal mean?

A

Further away from origin of the limb

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10
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

Towards back

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11
Q

What does ventral mean?

A

Towards belly

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12
Q

What are the four anatomical planes?

A

Medium plane (midline)

Frontal plane

Transverse plane

Sagittal plane

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13
Q

What side does cross section anatomy always show?

A

Inferior side (looking upwards)

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14
Q

What is a joint?

A

A union between two or more rigid components

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15
Q

What is another word for a joint?

A

Articulation

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16
Q

What are some functions of joints?

A

Movement

Growth

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

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18
Q

What are fibrous joints composed of?

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

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19
Q

What kind of stength do fibrous joints have?

A

High tensile strength

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20
Q

What is there little movement in fibrous joints?

A

Due to high amount of collagen fibres

21
Q

What are some examples of fibrous joints?

A

Periodontal ligament

Cranial sultures

Interosseus membranes

22
Q

What are cartilaginous joints composed of?

A

Layers of cartilage

23
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchonroses (primary)

Symphyses (secondary)

24
Q

What do synchondroses cartiliaginous joints allow?

A

Bone growth

25
Q

What happens to synchondroses cartilaginous joints in adults?

A

Disapear

26
Q

Do you get movement in a synchondroses cartilaginous joint?

A

No

27
Q

What is an example of a synchondroses cartilaginous joint?

A

In a growing long bone

28
Q

What happens to symphyses cartilaginous joints with age?

A

Do not ossify

29
Q

What kind of movement do symphyses cartilaginous joints allow?

A

Limited

30
Q

What is an example of a symphyses cartilaginous joint?

A

Intervertebral disc

31
Q

What do synovial joints allow for?

A

Greater movement

32
Q

What are common features of synovial joints?

A

Fibrous capsule

Synovial membrane

Synovial cavity

Articular cartilage

33
Q

What is the fibrous capsule in a synovial joint made of?

A

Collagen fibres

34
Q

What does the synovial membrane in a synovial joint do?

A

Produces synovial fluid

35
Q

What does the synovial cavity contain?

A

Synovial fluid which lubricates the joint

36
Q

What is the function of articular cartilage in a synovial joint?

A

Roles in lubrication and movement

37
Q

What may, but not always, synoival joints contain?

A

Articular disks

Ligaments

Bursae

38
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A

Hinge

Pivot

Saddle

Condylar

Plane

Ball and socket

39
Q

What are some types of movement at synovial joints?

A

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Lateral/medial rotation
Circumduction
Supi-/pronation
Inversion/eversion
Dorsi-/planterflexion
True flexion/extension

40
Q

What are joints stabalised by?

A

Shapes of articulating surfaces (how well they fit together)

Fibrous capsule and ligaments

Muscles

41
Q

Joints have a rich what?

A

Blood and nerve supply

42
Q

What is common around joints in terms of blood and nerves?

A

Anastomosis

43
Q

What is anastomosis?

A

Cross connections between adjacent channels

44
Q

What does anastomoses ensure?

A

The joint is always supplied with blood/nerves during the full range of its movement

45
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Sense of your own body parts position in space

46
Q

What law do nerves around joints adhere to?

A

Hilton’s law

47
Q

What is hilton’s law?

A

The nerve supplying a muscle that crosses a certain joint also innervates that joint

48
Q

What are some common joint pathology?

A

Trauma

Arthiritis

Craniosynostosis (premature closure in parts of the skull)

ME2019 PART 1 (55 decks)

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