How do nonpolar hormones work?-

Question 1

Nonpolar hormones are second messengers. What do second messengers act as?

Answer 1

An enzyme activator, inhibitor or cofactor

Question 2

What are the important second messengers?

Answer 2

1. Cyclic-AMP (cAMP)
   Derivative of ATP
2. Calcium ions

Question 3

What do second messengers faciliate?

Answer 3

The process of Amplification

Question 4

What is amplification and why is it so important?

Answer 4

• Is the binding of a small number of hormone molecules to membrane
  receptors
• Leads to thousands of second messengers in cell
• Magnifies effect of hormone on target cell

Question 5

What are 2 examples of nonpolar hormones?

Answer 5

Steroid hormones and Thyroxine

Question 6

How do nonpolar hormones work?

Answer 6

Since they are lipid soluble, nonpolar hormones diffuse across plasma membrane to reach receptor proteins on inner surface of
plasma membrane (intracellular receptors

Question 7

What are 3 functions of the lipid soluble hormones?

Answer 7

• Alter rate of DNA transcription in nucleus
• Change patterns of protein synthesis
• Directly affect metabolic activity and structure of target cell

Question 8

Lipid soluble hormones type of receptors.

Answer 8

Intracellular receptors (cytoplasm and/or nucleus)

Question 9

Lipid soluble hormones : Types of hormones (6)

Answer 9

Steroid and Thyroid hormones: Estrogen, Testosterone, Thyroid hormones, Aldosterone, cortisol

Question 10

Lipid soluble hormones- Action in cell

Answer 10

Alters gene expression